Voir la source de Troubler la paix (infraction)

[[en:Causing a Disturbance (Offence)]]
{{Currency2|January|2015}}
{{HeaderOffences}}{{LevelZero}}
{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Causing a Disturbance|OffencePage=Causing a Disturbance|Section=175
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBSummaryElection}} 
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionSumm}} 
|Bail={{OBBailAll}}
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}} 
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}}  
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} }}

==Aperçu==
{{OverviewV|causing a disturbance}}

; Plaidoiries
{{PleadingsHeader}}
{{PleadingsSummaryList|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}} | {{NA}} | {{No}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsSummary|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}}}}

; Libérer
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}}|| {{ReleaseProfile-Summary}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}}}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}}|| {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark-Under10}}
{{DesignationEnd}}

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Libellé de l'infraction==
{{quotation2|
; Causing disturbance, indecent exhibition, loitering, etc.
175 (1) Every one who
::(a) not being in a dwelling-house, causes a disturbance in or near a public place,
:::(i) by fighting, screaming, shouting, swearing, singing or using insulting or obscene language,
:::(ii) by being drunk, or
:::(iii) by impeding or molesting other persons,
::(b) openly exposes or exhibits an indecent exhibition in a public place,
::(c) loiters in a public place and in any way obstructs persons who are in that place, or
::(d) disturbs the peace and quiet of the occupants of a dwelling-house by discharging firearms or by other disorderly conduct in a public place or who, not being an occupant of a dwelling-house comprised in a particular building or structure, disturbs the peace and quiet of the occupants of a dwelling-house comprised in the building or structure by discharging firearms or by other disorderly conduct in any part of a building or structure to which, at the time of such conduct, the occupants of two or more dwelling-houses comprised in the building or structure have access as of right or by invitation, express or implied,<br>
is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

; Evidence of peace officer
:(2) In the absence of other evidence, or by way of corroboration of other evidence, a summary conviction court may infer from the evidence of a peace officer relating to the conduct of a person or persons, whether ascertained or not, that a disturbance described in paragraph (1)(a) or (d) or an obstruction described in paragraph (1)(c) {{AnnSec1|175(1)(c)}} was caused or occurred.

R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 175; 
{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 18}}, s. 6.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|175}}
|{{NoteUp|175|1|2}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
|175(1)(a)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, not being in a dwellinghouse, did cause a disturbance in or near a public place by fighting, screaming, shouting, swearing, singing, using insulting language, using obscene language, impeding [name1], molesting [name1] or being drunk{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|175(1)(a)}}."
|-
|175(1)(b)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did openly expose or exhibit an indecent exhibition in a public place{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|175(1)(b)}}."
|-
|175(1)(c)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did loiter in a public place and did obstruct [name1], a person who was there{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|175(1)(c)}}."
|-
|175(1)(d)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did disturb the peace and quiet of [name1], the occupant of a dwelling house by discharging a firearm or by other disorderly conduct in a public place or who, not being an occupant of a dwelling-house comprised in a particular building or structure, disturb the peace and quiet of the occupants of a dwelling-house comprised in the building or structure by discharging a firearm or by other disorderly conduct in any part of a building or structure to which, at the time of such conduct, the occupants of two or more dwelling-houses comprised in the building or structure have access as of right or by invitation, express or implied{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|175(1)(d)}}."
{{DraftEnd}}

(d) ,

==Preuve de l'infraction==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}
{{Proving|causing a disturbance|175(a)}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the commission of one of the enumerated acts: 
## {{box}} fighting, 
## {{box}} screaming, 
## {{box}} shouting, 
## {{box}} swearing, 
## {{box}} singing,
## {{box}} using insulting or obscene language, 
## {{box}} being drunk, or 
## {{box}} impeding or molesting other persons
# {{box}} the act causes a disturbance 
# {{box}} the disturbance is in or near a public place.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Lohnes|1fsfw|1992 CanLII 112 (CSC)|[1992] 1 RCS 167}}{{perSCC-H|McLachlin J}}</ref>

{{ElementRight}}

{{Proving|causing a disturbance|175(b)}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit "loiters" in a "public place" and 
# {{box}} in any way obstructs persons who are in that place

{{ElementEnd}}

{{Reflist|2}}

==Interprétation de l'infraction==
A disturbance must be more than mere emotional upset or annoyance. The disturbance must be foreseeable as a consequence from the act. <ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Lohnes|1fsfw|1992 CanLII 112 (CSC)|[1992] 1 RCS 167}}{{perSCC-H|McLachlin J}}</ref>

Disturbance can include any "interference with ordinary and customary conduct". It can be something as small as "being distracted from work, but … Must be present and must be extremely manifested."<ref> {{ibid1|Lohnes}}
</ref>

The ''actus reus'' of the offence involving obscene language requires that the obscene language cause an externally manifested disturbance.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Swinkels|2d619|2010 ONCA 742 (CanLII)|263 CCC (3d) 49}}{{perONCA|LaForme JA}}{{atsL|2d619|10|}}, {{atsL-np|2d619|29|}}, {{atsL-np|2d619|32}}</ref>

Shouting does not include amplification by a device such as a megaphone.<ref> 
{{CanLIIRP|Reed|2327w|1992 CanLII 6005 (BC CA)|76 CCC 204 (BCCA)}}{{perBCCA|Hutcheon JA}}</ref>

Swearing includes the use of bad, obscene or offensive language.<ref> 
{{CanLIIR-N|Clothier|, (1975) 13 NSR 141 (NSCA)}}</ref>

Disturbance requires more than merely an observing crowd or a crowd shouting anti-police sentiment as officers make arrests.<ref>
{{supra1|Swinkels}}{{atL|2d619|28}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Osbourne|1w8nf|2008 ONCJ 134 (CanLII)|78 WCB (2d) 205}}{{perONCJ|Brewer J}}<br>
</ref>

An officer's belief that the accused's language directed at them was vulgar, aggressive and inappropriate alone is insufficient.<ref>
{{supra1|Swinkels}}{{atL|2d619|28}}<br>
{{supra1|Osbourne}}<br>
</ref>

Cursing and swearing at the police officer, in certain circumstances, will not amount to an offence of causing a disturbance nor will it amount to a breach of a condition to "keep the peace and be of good behavior."<ref> 
{{CanLIIRP|Shea|2dz2l|2010 NSPC 70 (CanLII)|947 APR 169}}{{perNSPC|Derrick J}}
</ref>

; Constitutionality
But if it's under section 175 violates section 2 (B) of the charter protecting freedom of expression, but is saved as a reasonable limit and is valid.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Lawrence|28nn6|1992 CanLII 6136 (AB QB)|74 CCC (3d) 495}}{{perABQB|Cooke J}}
</ref>

; Terminology
"Loitering" must be an action or inaction without purpose. Simply standing around is not sufficient.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Munroe|g18vc|1983 CanLII 1830 (ON CA)|[1983] 148 DLR (3d) 166}}{{perONCA|Cory JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Hudson|1qstj|2007 SKQB 23 (CanLII)|292 Sask R 180}}{{perSKQB|Gabrielson J}}
</ref>

"Public place" is defined in s. 150 as "includ[ing] any place to which the public have access as of right or by invitation, express or implied;"

"Access" means the "right or opportunity to reach or use or visit."<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Clark|1jmfj|2005 CSC 2 (CanLII)|[2005] 1 RCS 6}}{{perSCC-H|Fish J}}{{atL|1jmfj|13}}<br>
</ref>

A place that is ''only'' "exposed to the public view" and not accessible is ''not'' a "public place."<ref>
{{supra1|Clark}}
</ref>

{{Reflist|2}}

==Participation de tiers==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->
|s. x {{DescrSec|x}} || || ||
|-
{{VictimEnd}}<!--
{{606Notice5Y|XX}}
{{606NoticeSPIO|XX}}
-->
{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Principes et fourchettes de détermination des peines==
{{seealsoSentencing}}

; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}} | {{NA}} | {{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltySummary|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}}|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}} || {{NA}} || {{SProfileAll}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Causing a Disturbance}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{NoOffenceOrders}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders(S)‏}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders(S)}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons== 
{{RecordSuspension|art. 175 {{DescrSec|175}} }}

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

[[Category:Straight Summary Offences]]