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{{en|Definition_of_Dwelling_House}}
{{en|Definition_of_Dwelling_House}}
{{fr|Définition_de_la_maison_d%27habitation}}
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==General Principles==
{{seealso|Break and Enter (Offence)}}
"Dwelling house" is defined in section 2:
{{quotation2|
2 In this Act,<br>
{{ellipsis}}
'''"dwelling-house"''' means the whole or any part of a building or structure that is kept or occupied as a permanent or temporary residence, and includes
:(a) a building within the curtilage of a dwelling-house that is connected to it by a doorway or by a covered and enclosed passage-way, and
:(b) a unit that is designed to be mobile and to be used as a permanent or temporary residence and that is being used as such a residence;
{{ellipsis}}
{{History-S2}}
|{{CCCSec2|2}}
|{{NoteUp|2}}
}}
; Factors
Factors to consider include:<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Sappier|1m1t3|2005 NBPC 37 (CanLII)|34 CR (6th) 313}}{{perNBPC|Ferguson J}}</ref>
* the intention of the builder;
* the traditional use;
* the type of temporary use;
* the seasonal use;
* the actual use; and
* the character of the building.
; Detached Building
Detached building on private property does not usually amount to dwelling. <ref>
{{CanLIIRP|NM|1sg9k|2007 CanLII 31570 (ON SC)|223 CCC (3d) 417}}{{perONSC|Hill J}}</ref>
; Empty, Abandoned or Incomplete Building
An incomplete building does not constitute a dwelling.<ref>
{{supra1|Sappier}}</ref>
However, an abandoned building however is one.<ref>
{{CanLIIR-N|DeWolfe| (1988), 82 N.S.R.(2d) 175 (CA)}}</ref>
A house which is not occupied can still retain its character as a dwelling-house.<ref>
{{supra1|De Wolfe}} - a house that was emptied a month prior was a dwelling</ref>
Certain types places will lose their dwelling-house status from non-use. A house may be abandoned for a period of time, dilapidated, boarded-up, and "not intending to be live[d] in ...again" rendering it a non-dwelling.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Paquet|htwb2|1978 CanLII 2510 (ON CA)| [1978] OJ No 980 (O.C.A.)}}{{perONCA-H|Martin JA}} - abandoned three years, falling apart<br>
{{CanLIIRx|Tapley|fwx33|2013 NBPC 8 (CanLII)}}{{perNBPC|Brien J}} - 3 months abandoned
</ref>
A "dwelling-house" for the purpose of a conviction under s. 348 for a break and enter will ''not'' include a building under construction that has not been occupied as a residence.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Sappier|1m1t3|2005 NBPC 37 (CanLII)|34 CR (6th) 313}}{{perNBPC|Ferguson J}}
</ref>
; Garage or Driveway
A driveway is not a dwelling house; it is a place where people drive and park their vehicles.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Evans|1frf4|1996 CanLII 248 (SCC)|[1996] 1 SCR 8}}{{Plurality}}{{atL|1frf4|32}}
</ref>
A garage or parkade under the residential building is also a dwelling-house.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Chomik|flb4s|2011 ABPC 152 (CanLII)|234 CRR (2d) 109}}{{perABPC|Kerby J}}
</ref>
; Hotel or Motel
A motel room,<ref>
{{CanLIIR-N|Henderson|, [1975] 1 WWR 360 (BCPC)}}</ref> camp,<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Nowlan|23c2s|2009 NBQB 117 (CanLII)|894 APR 39}}{{perNBQB|Ferguson J}}</ref> can be a dwelling.
; Moveable Shelters
Living in a truck does not render the vehicle a dwelling house.<ref>
{{CanLIIRx|MacDonald|jb95g|2020 NSCA 69 (CanLII)}}{{perNSCA|Derrick JA}}{{AtL|jb95g|99}}
</ref>
; Curtilage
"Curtilage" in US law is meant to "include all buildings in close proximity to a dwelling, which are continually used for carrying on domestic employment; or such place as is necessary and convenient to a dwelling and is habitually used for family purposes."<ref>
''United States v Potts'', 297 F.2d 68 [6th Cir. 1961]</ref>
The meaning of curtilage has been defined in domestic courts as "the land or yard adjoining a house, usually within an enclosure."<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Le (TD)|frj5d|2011 MBCA 83 (CanLII)|275 CCC (3d) 427}}{{perMBCA|Scott CJ}}{{atL|frj5d|83}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Beune|1knr3|2005 BCPC 175 (CanLII)|BCJ No 1082}}{{perBCPC|Dhillon J}}{{atL|1knr3|31}}<br>
</ref>
; Relationship with CDSA Definition
The definition of "dwelling-house" in the Code has no interdependence with the definition in the CDSA.<Ref>
{{supra1|MacDonald}}{{AtL|jb95g|98}}
</ref>
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Definitions]]

Version du 21 juin 2024 à 07:01

Ang

Fr

General Principles

Voir également: Break and Enter (Offence)

"Dwelling house" is defined in section 2:

2 In this Act,
...
 "dwelling-house" means the whole or any part of a building or structure that is kept or occupied as a permanent or temporary residence, and includes

(a) a building within the curtilage of a dwelling-house that is connected to it by a doorway or by a covered and enclosed passage-way, and
(b) a unit that is designed to be mobile and to be used as a permanent or temporary residence and that is being used as such a residence;

...
 L.R. (1985), ch. C-46, art. 2; L.R. (1985), ch. 11 (1er suppl.), art. 2, ch. 27 (1er suppl.), art. 2 et 203, ch. 31 (1er suppl.), art. 61, ch. 1 (2e suppl.), art. 213, ch. 27 (2e suppl.), art. 10, ch. 35 (2e suppl.), art. 34, ch. 32 (4e suppl.), art. 55, ch. 40 (4e suppl.), art. 21990, ch. 17, art. 7; 1991, ch. 1, art. 28, ch. 40, art. 1, ch. 43, art. 1 et 9; 1992, ch. 20, art. 216, ch. 51, art. 32; 1993, ch. 28, art. 78, ch. 34, art. 59; 1994, ch. 44, art. 2; 1995, ch. 29, art. 39 et 40, ch. 39, art. 138; 1997, ch. 23, art. 1; 1998, ch. 30, art. 14; 1999, ch. 3, art. 25, ch. 5, art. 1, ch. 25, art. 1(préambule), ch. 28, art. 155; 2000, ch. 12, art. 91, ch. 25, art. 1(F); 2001, ch. 32, art. 1, ch. 41, art. 2 et 131; 2002, ch. 7, art. 137, ch. 22, art. 324; 2003, ch. 21, art. 1; 2004, ch. 3, art. 12005, ch. 10, art. 34, ch. 38, art. 58, ch. 40, art. 1 et 7; 2006, ch. 14, art. 12007, ch. 13, art. 1; 2012, ch. 1, art. 160, ch. 19, art. 371; 2013, ch. 13, art. 2; 2014, ch. 17, art. 1, ch. 23, art. 2, ch. 25, art. 2; 2015, ch. 3, art. 44, ch. 13, art. 3, ch. 20, art. 15; 2018, ch. 21, art. 12; 2019, ch. 13, art. 140; 2019, ch. 25, art. 1; 2022, ch. 17, art. 1.

– CCC (CanLII), (Jus.)

Note: 2

Factors

Factors to consider include:[1]

  • the intention of the builder;
  • the traditional use;
  • the type of temporary use;
  • the seasonal use;
  • the actual use; and
  • the character of the building.
Detached Building

Detached building on private property does not usually amount to dwelling. [2]

Empty, Abandoned or Incomplete Building

An incomplete building does not constitute a dwelling.[3] However, an abandoned building however is one.[4]

A house which is not occupied can still retain its character as a dwelling-house.[5]

Certain types places will lose their dwelling-house status from non-use. A house may be abandoned for a period of time, dilapidated, boarded-up, and "not intending to be live[d] in ...again" rendering it a non-dwelling.[6]

A "dwelling-house" for the purpose of a conviction under s. 348 for a break and enter will not include a building under construction that has not been occupied as a residence.[7]

Garage or Driveway

A driveway is not a dwelling house; it is a place where people drive and park their vehicles.[8]

A garage or parkade under the residential building is also a dwelling-house.[9]

Hotel or Motel

A motel room,[10] camp,[11] can be a dwelling.

Moveable Shelters

Living in a truck does not render the vehicle a dwelling house.[12]

Curtilage

"Curtilage" in US law is meant to "include all buildings in close proximity to a dwelling, which are continually used for carrying on domestic employment; or such place as is necessary and convenient to a dwelling and is habitually used for family purposes."[13]

The meaning of curtilage has been defined in domestic courts as "the land or yard adjoining a house, usually within an enclosure."[14]

Relationship with CDSA Definition

The definition of "dwelling-house" in the Code has no interdependence with the definition in the CDSA.[15]

  1. ↑ R c Sappier, 2005 NBPC 37 (CanLII), 34 CR (6th) 313, par Ferguson J
  2. ↑ R c NM, 2007 CanLII 31570 (ON SC), 223 CCC (3d) 417, par Hill J
  3. ↑ Sappier, supra
  4. ↑ R c DeWolfe (1988), 82 N.S.R.(2d) 175 (CA)(*pas de liens CanLII)
  5. ↑ De Wolfe, supra - a house that was emptied a month prior was a dwelling
  6. ↑ R c Paquet, 1978 CanLII 2510 (ON CA), [1978] OJ No 980 (O.C.A.), par Martin JA - abandoned three years, falling apart
    R c Tapley, 2013 NBPC 8 (CanLII), par Brien J - 3 months abandoned
  7. ↑ R c Sappier, 2005 NBPC 37 (CanLII), 34 CR (6th) 313, par Ferguson J
  8. ↑ R c Evans, 1996 CanLII 248 (SCC), [1996] 1 SCR 8, au para 32
  9. ↑ R c Chomik, 2011 ABPC 152 (CanLII), 234 CRR (2d) 109, par Kerby J
  10. ↑ R c Henderson, [1975] 1 WWR 360 (BCPC)(*pas de liens CanLII)
  11. ↑ R c Nowlan, 2009 NBQB 117 (CanLII), 894 APR 39, par Ferguson J
  12. ↑ R c MacDonald, 2020 NSCA 69 (CanLII), par Derrick JA, au para 99
  13. ↑ United States v Potts, 297 F.2d 68 [6th Cir. 1961]
  14. ↑ R c Le (TD), 2011 MBCA 83 (CanLII), 275 CCC (3d) 427, par Scott CJ, au para 83
    R c Beune, 2005 BCPC 175 (CanLII), BCJ No 1082, par Dhillon J, au para 31
  15. ↑ MacDonald, supra, au para 98
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