Suspension judiciaire des procédures

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Version datée du 6 septembre 2024 à 08:33 par AdminF (discussion | contributions) (Page créée avec « en:Stay of Proceedings by the Court {{Currency2|January|2015}} {{LevelZero}}{{HeaderPreTrial}} ==General Principles== {{Seealso|Stay of Proceedings|Stay of Proceedings by Crown}} Certain courts have jurisdiction to stay criminal proceedings under s. 24(1) where putting a person on trial would amount to an "abuse of process" and violate the "principles of fundamental justice" under s. 7.<ref> {{CanLIIRP|Jewitt|1ftxr|1985 CanLII 47 (SCC)|[1985] 2 SCR 128}}{{pe... »)
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General Principles

Voir également: Stay of Proceedings et Stay of Proceedings by Crown

Certain courts have jurisdiction to stay criminal proceedings under s. 24(1) where putting a person on trial would amount to an "abuse of process" and violate the "principles of fundamental justice" under s. 7.[1] The principle of abuse of process arises from the common law.[2] It is now superseded by the Charter.[3]

A Stay of Proceedings is the most drastic of remedies available to a court. "Charges that are stayed may never be prosecuted; an alleged victim will never get his or her day in-Court; society will never have the matter resolved by a trier of fact. For these reasons, a stay is reserved for only those cases of abuse where a very high threshold is met: "the threshold for obtaining a stay of proceedings remains, under the Charter as under the common law doctrine of abuse of process, the 'clearest of cases'."[4]

A judicial stay of proceedings is not granted because the accused is entitled to an acquittal but rather because the Crown is "disentitled to a conviction."[5]

Ultimate Remedy

A stay of proceedings is considered the “ultimate remedy” that is absolutely final, preventing the court from ever adjudicating the matter.[6]

Consequently, there is a high threshold on a stay of proceedings. It is only permissible in the “clearest of cases”.[7]

A clearest of case is one in which the integrity of the justice system is implicated.[8]

Improper Use of a Stay

A stay should not be used "to discipline the police or to attempt to redress a past wrong."[9]

When Not Available

A judge does not have the power to stay proceedings on an electable charge where the defence has yet to enter his election.[10]

Stay is Mostly a Prospective Remedy

In most cases, a stay is intended to be a prospective remedy to prevent future harm. It is only in rare cases of "egregious" misconduct that going forward would be "offensive" that a stay is warranted for past wrongs.[11]

Standard of Appellate Review

A decision to stay a proceeding under s. 24(1) of the Charter is accorded deference on review.[12]

  1. R c Jewitt, 1985 CanLII 47 (SCC), [1985] 2 SCR 128, par Dickson CJ (7:0)
    R c Kalanj, 1989 CanLII 63 (SCC), [1989] 1 SCR 1594, par McIntyre J (3:2)
    R c Power, 1994 CanLII 126 (SCC), [1994] 1 SCR 601, par L'Heureux‑Dubé J (4:3)
  2. R c O'Connor, 1995 CanLII 51 (SCC), [1995] 4 SCR 411, par L'Heureux‑Dubé J
  3. e.g. R c Regan, 2002 SCC 12 (CanLII), [2002] 1 SCR 297, par LeBel J (5:4)
  4. O'Connor, supra
    see R c Carosella, 1997 CanLII 402 (SCC), [1997] 1 SCR 80, par Sopinka J
    R c La, 1997 CanLII 309 (SCC), [1997] 2 SCR 680, par Sopinka J
    Regan, supra
    Taillefer; R v Duguay, 2003 SCC 70 (CanLII), [2003] 3 SCR 307, par LeBel J
  5. R c Jewitt, 1985 CanLII 47 (SCC), [1985] 2 SCR 128, par Dickson CJ, at p. 148
    Mack, supra, at p. 944
    R c Ramelson, 2022 SCC 44 (CanLII), au para 32
  6. Canada (Minister of Citizenship & Immigration) v Tobiass, 1997 CanLII 322 (SCC), [1997] 3 SCR 391, 118 CCC (3d) 443, par curiam, au para 86
  7. Regan, supra, au para 53
  8. R c Antinello, 1995 ABCA 117 (CanLII), 165 AR 122, 97 CCC (3d) 126, par Kerans JA (3:0)
    R c Curragh, 1997 CanLII 381 (SCC), [1997] 1 SCR 537, 113 CCC (3d) 481, par La Forest and Cory J (7:2)
    R c Spence, 2011 ONSC 2406 (CanLII), 85 CR (6th) 72, par Howden J
    R c Bjelland, 2009 SCC 38 (CanLII), [2009] 2 SCR 651, par Rothstein J (4:3)
    R c RPS, 2010 ABQB 418 (CanLII), 503 AR 233, par Thomas J
    R c Robinson, 1999 ABCA 367 (CanLII), 250 AR 201, par McFadyen JA
    R c Latimer, 1997 CanLII 405 (SCC), [1997] 1 SCR 217, 112 CCC (3d) 193, par Lamer CJ
    R c Gangl, 2011 ABCA 357 (CanLII), 532 WAC 337, par curiam
  9. R c Samuels, 2008 ONCJ 85 (CanLII), 76 WCB (2d) 588, par Nakatsuru J, aux paras 62, 83
  10. R c Waugh, 2009 NBCA 23 (CanLII), 246 CCC (3d) 116, par Drapeau CJ
  11. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Tobiass, 1997 CanLII 322 (SCC), [1997] 3 SCR 391, par curiam
  12. R c Bellusci, 2012 SCC 44 (CanLII), [2012] 2 SCR 509, par Fish J (7:0), au para 17

Grounds for Stays of Proceeding

Case Digests