View source for Forcible Entry (Offence)

{{Currency2|January|2020}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Forciable Entry 
|OffencePage=Forcible Entry 
|Section=72 
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBHybridElection}} 
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}}
|Bail={{OBBailAll}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}}
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} 
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDispSame}} 
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|2 years}} }}

==Overview==
{{OverviewII|forcible entry}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection-Under14|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}}}}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}}}}

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}}|| {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark-Under10}} 
{{DesignationEnd}}

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation3|
; Forcible entry
72 (1) A person commits forcible entry when that person enters real property that is in the actual and peaceable possession of another in a manner that is likely to cause a breach of the peace or reasonable apprehension of a breach of the peace.
<br>
; Matters not material
(1.1) For the purposes of subsection (1) {{AnnSec0|72(1)}}, it is immaterial whether or not a person is entitled to enter the real property or whether or not that person has any intention of taking possession of the real property.
<br>
; Forcible detainer
(2) A person commits forcible detainer when, being in actual possession of real property without colour of right, he detains it in a manner that is likely to cause a breach of the peace or reasonable apprehension of a breach of the peace, against a person who is entitled by law to possession of it.
<br>
; Questions of law
(3) The questions whether a person is in actual and peaceable possession or is in actual possession without colour of right are questions of law.
<br>
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 72;
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 10; 
{{LegHistory90s|1992, c. 1}}, s. 60(F).
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|72}}
|{{NoteUp|72|1|1.1|2|3}}
|{{Terms-
|[[Possession of Stolen Property (Offence)|"possession" (s. 2)]]
}}
}}

{{quotation3|
; Punishment
73 Every person who commits forcible entry or forcible detainer is guilty of
:(a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years; or
:(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.

R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 73;
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 11 
{{LegHistory90s|1992, c. 1}}, s. 58;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 13.
|{{CCCSec2|73}} 
|{{NoteUp|73}}
|{{Terms-
|[[Definitions_of_Parties,_Persons,_Places_and_Organizations#Person|"person" (s. 2)]]
}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 73
| forcible entry
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did commit forcible entry, to wit: [conduct], {{contrary|73}}.
|-
| 73
| forcible detainer
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did commit forcible detainer, to wit: [conduct], {{contrary|73}}.
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|forcible entry|72(1) and 73}}<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Stoyke|1t00g|2007 ABPC 259 (CanLII)|AWLD 1851}}{{perABPC|LeGrandeur J}}{{atL|1t00g|2}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|D(J)|1cc3v|2002 CanLII 16805 (ON CA)|171 CCC (3d) 188}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}} (3:0)<br>
see also {{CanLIIRP|Wilson|1fmm0|2000 BCSC 1401 (CanLII)|BCTC 709}}{{perBCSC|Bouck J}}{{atL|1fmm0|13}}<br>
</ref>
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit entered real property;
# {{box}} real property must be in possession of another person;
# {{box}} possession must be both actual and peaceable;
# {{box}} entry of the property must be such that it is likely to cause a breach of the peace or reasonable apprehension of a breach of the peace.

{{ElementRight}}

{{Proving|forcible detainer|72(2) and 73}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit was in "actual possession of real property"
# {{box}} the possession was "without colour of right"
# {{box}} the culprit detained it "in a manner that is likely to cause a breach of the peace or reasonable apprehension of a breach of the peace, against a person who is entitled by law to possession of it." 

{{ElementEnd}}

{{reflist|2}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==
The breach of the peace must "flow from the manner in which possession of the real property is taken and not from subsequent events."<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|D(J)|1cc3v|2002 CanLII 16805 (ON CA)| 171 CCC (3d) 188}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}} (3:0)
</ref>

There is no need to prove that the accused intended to take possession of the real property.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Stoyke|1t00g|2007 ABPC 259 (CanLII)|AWLD 1851}}{{perABPC|LeGrandeur J}}<br>
cf. {{CanLIIRP|Wilson|1fmm0|2000 BCSC 1401 (CanLII)|BCTC 709}}{{perBCSC|Bouck J}}{{atL|1fmm0|21}}<br>
</ref>

There is no need to prove that the entry was done in a violent manner.<ref>
{{ibid1|Wilson}}{{atL|1fmm0|17}}<br>
</ref>

The offence requires "some violence, or threatened violence, upon someone in occupation" and it must be in "the presence of someone who might resist."<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Czegledi|g8lm8|1931 CanLII 246 (SK CA)| 55 CCC 114}}{{perSKCA|Martin JA}}
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->
|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} || || ||
|-
{{VictimEnd}}
{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}

===Sentencing Profile===
; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} | {{summary}} | {{summaryconviction}} }} 
{{SProfileMax|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} | {{indictment}} | {{Max2Years}} }} 
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} |'''{{Max2Years}}'''|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} || any || {{SProfileAll}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Forcible Entry}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}
| [[Weapons Prohibition Orders]] ||s. 72 {{DescrSec|72}} ||
* discretionary as a s. 110 designated offence
{{AOrderEnd}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons==
{{RecordSuspension|s. 72 [forceable entry]}}

==See Also==
; Related Offences
* [[Break and Enter (Offence)]]
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/Property}}
{{OffencesNavBar/Violence}}