View source for Drug Trafficking (Offence)

{{Currency2|January|2019}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox |OffenceTitle=Drug Trafficking 
|OffencePage=Drug Trafficking 
|Section=5(1), (2)|Act={{OBCDSA}} 
|CrownElection={{OBIndictableElection}} / {{OBHybridElection}} 
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll}} <br><!--{{OBJurisdictionExclusive}} {{OBJurisdictionAbsolute}} -->
|Bail= {{OBBailVar}} 
|SummaryDisp=varies by Schedule <!--{{OBDispAll}} {{OBDispMin}} {{OBDispMinVar}}--> 
|SummaryMin=varies by Schedule <!--{{OBMinNone}} {{OBTime|XX}}--> 
|SummaryMax= varies by Schedule<!--{{OBTime|XX}} {{OBSConviction}}--> 
|IndictableDisp= varies by Schedule<!--{{OBDisp14orLife}} {{OBDisp14orLifeVar}}{{OBDispMin}} {{OBDispMinVar}} {{OBDisp14orMinVar}} {{OBDispSame}}--> 
|IndictableMin= varies by Schedule<!--{{OBMinNone}} {{OBTime|XX}}--> 
|IndictableMax= varies by Schedule <!--{{OBMaxLife}} {{OBTime|XX}}--> }}

==Overview==
{{OverviewCDSA|drug trafficking}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N | s. 5(3)(a) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(a)CDSA}} | {{NA}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-Life}} }}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N | s. 5(3)(b) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(b)CDSA}}     | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N | s. 5(3)(c) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(c)CDSA}}     | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsIndictElection| s. 5(3)(a) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(a)CDSA}} }}
{{PleadingsHybridElection| s. 5(3)(b) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(b)CDSA}} }}
{{PleadingsHybridElection| s. 5(3)(c) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(c)CDSA}} }}

{{Section109Notice}}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|-
|s. 5(3)(a) {{DescrSec|5(3)(a)CDSA}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-
|s. 5(3)(b) {{DescrSec|5(3)(b)CDSA}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-
|s. 5(3)(c) {{DescrSec|5(3)(c)CDSA}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 5 [Schedule I or II]}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 5 [Schedule III or IV]}}

Under s. 515(6)(d) offences under s. 5(3)(a) [Schedule I or II] are subject to a [[Reverse Onus|reverse onus]] on bail where it is "an offence punishable by imprisonment for life under any of sections 5 to 7 of the ''Controlled Drugs and Substances Act'' or the offence of conspiring to commit such an offence".

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 5(3)(a) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(a)CDSA}} || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{OKMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark}} <!--IPRA-->
|-
|s. 5(3)(b) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(b)CDSA}} || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{OKMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark}} <!--IPRA-->
|-
|s. 5(3)(c) CDSA {{DescrSec|5(3)(c)CDSA}} || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{OKMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark}} <!--IPRA-->
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{WiretapDesignation|s. 5 CDSA}}

{{SPIODesignation|A|s. 5 CDSA}}

<!--{{MMinNoticeCDSA}}-->

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Trafficking in substance
5 (1) No person shall traffic in a substance included in Schedule I {{AnnSecC|S-I}}, II {{AnnSecC|S-II}}, III {{AnnSecC|S-III}}, IV {{AnnSecC|S-IV}} or V {{AnnSecC|S-V}} or in any substance represented or held out by that person to be such a substance.
; Possession for purpose of trafficking
(2) No person shall, for the purpose of trafficking, possess a substance included in Schedule I {{AnnSecC|S-I}}, II {{AnnSecC|S-II}}, III {{AnnSecC|S-III}}, IV {{AnnSecC|S-IV}} or V {{AnnSecC|S-V}}.
<br>
{{removed|(3), (4), (5) and (6)}}
{{LegHistoryCDSA|1996, c. 19}}, s. 5; 
{{LegHistoryCDSA|2012, c. 1}}, s. 39;
{{LegHistoryCDSA|2017, c. 7}}, s. 3;
{{LegHistoryCDSA|2018, c. 16}}, s. 196.
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CDSASec|5}} CDSA]
|{{NoteUpCDSA|5|1|2}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, contrary to section 5 of the ''Controlled Drugs and Substances Act''.
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|Possession for the Purpose of Trafficking|5 CDSA}}<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Chan|5zql|2003 CanLII 52165 (ON CA)| CR (6th) 322}}{{perONCA|Simmons JA}} at 30 to 32</ref>
<br>
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} [[Possession|Possession of Substance]] (Knowledge, consent, control)
## {{box}} must have knowledge of the illegal nature of the substance
# {{box}} Substance is a [[Proof of Controlled Substance|Control Substance under the CDSA]] (certificate of analysis, chain of possession, amounts found)
# {{box}} the culprit knew of (or held a belief as to) the nature of the substance
# {{box}} Possession of Substance was not authorized
# {{box}} The culprit intended to traffic the Substance
{{ElementRight}}

Proving '''Trafficking''' should include:<br>
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit was trafficking in a substance
# {{box}} the substance was Schedule I to V Controlled Substance

{{ElementEnd}}

{{reflist|2}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==
{{seealso|Drug Trafficking}}
Where the drug is under Schedule II, the offence is an [[Election|absolute jurisdiction offence]] and ''must'' be tried in provincial court.<ref>
see s. 553
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

==Typical Defences==
* [[Entrapment]]
==Sentencing==
{{seealsoSentencingDrugs}}
* [[Drug Trafficking, Schedule I (Sentencing)]]: Maximum penalty of life
* [[Drug Trafficking, Schedule II (Sentencing)]]: Maximum penalty of life
* [[Drug Trafficking, Schedule III (Sentencing)]]: Maximum penalty of 10 years
* [[Drug Trafficking, Schedule IV (Sentencing)]]: Maximum penalty of 3 years

==History==
* [[History of Drug Offences]]

==See Also==
* [[Importing and Exporting Drugs (Offence)]]
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/Drugs}}

[[Category:Straight Indictable Offences]]
[[Category:Hybrid Offences]]