View source for Breach of Publication and Access Bans (Offence)

{{currency2|October|2023}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}
{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Breach of Publication and Access Bans 
|OffencePage=Breach of Publication and Access Bans 
|Section=278.9, 486.6, 517, 539, 648 (CCC), 138 (YCJA) 
|Act={{OBCCC}} and {{OBYCJA}} 
|CrownElection={{OBSummaryElection}} (all CCC)<br> {{OBHybridElection}} (YCJA) 
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}} 
|Bail={{OBBailVar}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}} 
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBTime|{{summaryconviction}}}}
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDisp2to10}} 
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|2 years}} }}


==Overview==
{{OverviewXV|failure to comply with a publication bans}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsSummaryList-N|s. 486.6 {{DescrSec|486.6}} | {{NA}} | No | No }}
{{PleadingsSummaryList-N|s. 278.9 {{DescrSec|278.9}} | {{NA}} | No | No }}
{{PleadingsSummaryList-N|s. 517 {{DescrSec|517}} | {{NA}} | No | No }}
{{PleadingsSummaryList-N|s. 539 {{DescrSec|539}} | {{NA}} | No | No }} 
{{PleadingsSummaryList-N|s. 648 {{DescrSec|648}} | {{NA}} | No | No }}  
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 138 YCJA [breach of youth order] | Yes | No | No }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

==Offence Wording==

; Section 486.4 and 486.5 Orders
{{quotation2|
; Offence
486.6 (1) Every person who fails to comply with an order made under any of subsections 486.4(1) to (3) {{AnnSec4|486.4(1) to (3)}} or subsection 486.5(1) {{AnnSec|486.5(1)}} or (2) {{AnnSec4|486.5(2)}} is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
<br>
; Prosecution — limitation
(1.‍1) A prosecutor shall not commence or continue a prosecution against a person who is the subject of the order unless, in the opinion of the prosecutor,
:(a) the person knowingly failed to comply with the order;
:(b) the privacy interests of another person who is the subject of any order prohibiting the publication in any document or the broadcasting or transmission in any way of information that could identify that person have been compromised; and
:(c) a warning to the individual is not appropriate.
<br>
; Application of order
(2) For greater certainty, an order referred to in subsection (1) {{AnnSec4|486.6(1)}} applies to prohibit, in relation to proceedings taken against any person who fails to comply with the order, the publication in any document or the broadcasting or transmission in any way of information that could identify a victim, witness or justice system participant whose identity is protected by the order.

{{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 15;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 13}}, s. 151;
{{LegHistory20s|2023, c. 28}}, s. 5.
{{Annotation}}
| [{{CCCSec|486.6}}
|{{NoteUp|486.6|1|1.1|2}}
}}

; Private Records For Certain Sexual Offences
{{quotation2|
; Publication prohibited
278.9 (1) No person shall publish in any document, or broadcast or transmit in any way, any of the following:
:(a) the contents of an application made under section 278.3 {{AnnSec2|278.3}};
:(b) any evidence taken, information given or submissions made at a hearing under subsection 278.4(1) {{AnnSec2|278.4(1)}} or 278.6(2) {{AnnSec2|278.6(2)}}; or
:(c) the determination of the judge pursuant to subsection 278.5(1) {{AnnSec2|278.5(1)}} or 278.7(1) {{AnnSec2|278.7(1)}} and the reasons provided pursuant to section 278.8 {{AnnSec2|278.8}}, unless the judge, after taking into account the interests of justice and the right to privacy of the person to whom the record relates, orders that the determination may be published.
; Offence
(2) Every person who contravenes subsection (1) {{AnnSec2|278.9(1)}} is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
<br>
{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 30}}, s. 1; 
{{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 14.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|278.9}}
|{{NoteUp|278.9|1|2}}
}}

; Judicial Authorization Records
{{quotation2|
;Restriction on publication
487.2 If a search warrant is issued under section 487 {{AnnSec4|487}} or a search is made under such a warrant, everyone who publishes in any document, or broadcasts or transmits in any way, any information with respect to
:(a) the location of the place searched or to be searched, or
:(b) the identity of any person who is or appears to occupy or be in possession or control of that place or who is suspected of being involved in any offence in relation to which the warrant was issued,
without the consent of every person referred to in paragraph (b) is, unless a charge has been laid in respect of any offence in relation to which the warrant was issued, guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 69; 
{{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 16;
{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 23.
<br>
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|487.2}}
|{{NoteUp|487.2}}
}}

; Bail Evidence
{{quotation2|
; Order directing matters not to be published for specified period
517 (1) If the prosecutor or the accused intends to show cause under section 515 {{AnnSec5|515}}, he or she shall so state to the justice and the justice may, and shall on application by the accused, before or at any time during the course of the proceedings under that section, make an order directing that the evidence taken, the information given or the representations made and the reasons, if any, given or to be given by the justice shall not be published in any document, or broadcast or transmitted in any way before such time as
:(a) if a preliminary inquiry is held, the accused in respect of whom the proceedings are held is discharged; or
:(b) if the accused in respect of whom the proceedings are held is tried or ordered to stand trial, the trial is ended.

; Failure to comply
(2) Every person who fails, without lawful excuse, to comply with an order made under subsection (1) {{AnnSec5|517(1)}} is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

(3) [Repealed, {{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 17]

R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 517; 
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 101(E);
{{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 17; 
{{LegHistory10s|2018, c. 29}}, s. 62.
|{{CCCSec2|517}}
|{{NoteUp|517|1|2}}
}}

; Preliminary Inquiry
{{quotation2|
; Order restricting publication of evidence taken at preliminary inquiry
539 (1) Prior to the commencement of the taking of evidence at a preliminary inquiry, the justice holding the inquiry
:(a) may, if application therefor is made by the prosecutor, and
:(b) shall, if application therefor is made by any of the accused,
make an order directing that the evidence taken at the inquiry shall not be published in any document or broadcast or transmitted in any way before such time as, in respect of each of the accused,
:(c) he or she is discharged, or
:(d) if he or she is ordered to stand trial, the trial is ended.
{{removed|(2)}}
; Failure to comply with order
(3) Every one who fails to comply with an order made pursuant to subsection (1) {{AnnSec5|539(1)}} is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
<br>
(4) [Repealed, {{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 18]
<br>
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 539; 
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 97; {{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 18.
|{{CCCSec2|539}}
|{{NoteUp|539|1|3}}
}}

; Juries
{{quotation2|
; Restriction on publication
648 (1) After permission to separate is given to members of a jury under subsection 647(1) {{AnnSec6|647(1)}}, no information regarding any portion of the trial at which the jury is not present shall be published in any document or broadcast or transmitted in any way before the jury retires to consider its verdict.
<br>
; Offence
(2) Every one who fails to comply with subsection (1) {{AnnSec6|648(1)}} is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
<br>
(3) [Repealed, {{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 21]
<br>
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 648; 
{{LegHistory00s|2005, c. 32}}, s. 21.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|648}}
|{{NoteUp|648|1|2}}
}}

; Youth Criminal Justice Proceedings
{{quotation2|
; Offences
138 (1) Every person who contravenes subsection 110(1) (identity of offender not to be published), 111(1) (identity of victim or witness not to be published), 118(1) (no access to records unless authorized) or 128(3) (disposal of R.C.M.P. records) or section 129 (no subsequent disclosure) of this Act, or subsection 38(1) (identity not to be published), (1.12) (no subsequent disclosure), (1.14) (no subsequent disclosure by school) or (1.15) (information to be kept separate), 45(2) (destruction of records) or 46(1) (prohibition against disclosure) of the Young Offenders Act, chapter Y-1 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985,
:(a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; or
:(b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

; Provincial court judge has absolute jurisdiction on indictment
(2) The jurisdiction of a provincial court judge to try an adult charged with an offence under paragraph (1)(a) is absolute and does not depend on the consent of the accused.
|[{{YCJASec|138}} YCJA]
|{{NoteUpYCJA|138|1|2}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
|278.9(a)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did publish, broadcast or transmit in a document, the contents of an application made under s. 287.3{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|278.9(a)}}."
|-
|278.9(b)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did publish, broadcast or transmit in a document, evidence taken, information given or submissions made at a hearing under s. 278.4(!) or 278.6(2){{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|278.9(b)}}."
|-
|278.9(c)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did publish, broadcast or transmit in a document, the contents of an application made under s. 287.3{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|278.9(c)}}."
|-
|486.6
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, {{contrary|486.6}}.
|-
|517(2)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, without lawful excuse did fail to comply with an order directing that evidence taken or information given or representations made or the reasons given in proceedings under s. 515 regarding juticial interim release, not be published or broadcast or transmitted without the accused having been discharged, committed for trial or the trial having ended{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|517(2)}}."
|-
|539(2)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, {{contrary|539(2)}}.
|-
|648(2)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did publish, broadcast, or transmit information regarding a portion of a trial at which a jury is not present before the jury has retired to consider its verdict{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|648(2)}}.
|-
|138 
| info or records re young person
|"{{ellipsis1}}, contrary to section 138 of the ''Youth Criminal Justice Act''.
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

; Constitutionality
Section 487.2 was found to be unconstitutional and of no force or effect as it violated the right to freedom of expression s. 2(b) of the Charter.<ref>
{{CanLIIRPC|Canadian Newspapers Co. Ltd. v A.-G. Canada|gbn4h|1986 CanLII 3911 (MB QB)|28 CCC (3d) 379}}{{perMBQB|Barkman J}} - re s. 443.2 (as it was)<br>
{{CanLIIRPC|Canadian Newspapers Co. Ltd. v Attorney-General of Canada and two other actions|g1b55|1986 CanLII 2675 (ON SC)|29 CCC (3d) 109}}{{perONSC|Osler J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRxC|Girard c Demers|gntzp|2001 CanLII 39738 (QC CA)}}{{perQCCA|Fish JA}}<br>
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}
<!--
; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 486.6 {{DescrSec|486.6}} | | {{NA}}  | {{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 138 YCJA [breach of a youth order] | {{Summary}} | {{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 138 YCJA [breach of a youth order] | {{Indictment}} | {{Max2Years}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}
{{MaxPenaltyIndictment|s. 348(1)(d) {{DescrSec|348(1)(d)}} or s. 98 {{DescrSec|98}} |'''{{MaxLife}}'''}}

{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|s. 348(e) [break into non-dwelling]|'''{{Max10Years}}'''|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
 {{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 348(1)(d) {{DescrSec|348(1)(d)}} || {{NA}}|| {{SProfileNoDischargeOrCSO}}
|-
|s. 348(1)(e) {{DescrSec|348(1)(e)}} || any || {{SProfileAll}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{AllDispositionsAvailable1(S)|s. 348(1)(e) [non-dwelling]}}

{{NoCSOAvailable|F|s. 348(1)(e) [non-dwelling]}}

{{NoDischargeAvailable|s. 98 or 348(1)(d)}}
{{NoCSOAvailable|C|s. 98 or 348(1)(d)}}
-->

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===

===Factors===

===Ranges===

== Ancillary Sentencing Orders ==
; Offence-specific Orders

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons== 
{{RecordSuspension|s. 486.6  }}

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/Admin}}


[[Category:Hybrid Offences]]