View source for Street Racing (Repealed Offence)

{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Street Racing
|OffencePage=Street Racing|Section=249.2 to 249.4
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBIndictableElection}} (harm or death), {{OBHybridElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll}} 
|Bail={{OBBailVar}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}} 
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} 
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDisp14orLifeVar}} 
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}}
|IndictableMax={{OBTime|5 years}} (danger)<Br> {{OBTime|14 years}} (harm) or {{OBMaxLife}} (death) }}

==Overview==
{{OverviewVIII|street racing}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)| {{NA}} | {{Yes}} |}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 249.4(2)| Yes | {{Yes-IfCrown}} |  }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsIndictElection|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection|s. 249.4(2)}}

; Release
{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 249.4(2)}}

:''<u>Renversement du fardeau de la preuve</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)|| {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent-->
{{DesignationEnd}}

{{SPIODesignation|A|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)}}

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Causing death by criminal negligence (street racing)
249.2 Everyone who by criminal negligence causes death to another person while street racing is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life.
<br>
{{LegHistory00s|2006, c. 14}}, s. 2.
|{{CCCSec2|249.2}}
|{{NoteUp|249.2}}
}}
{{quotation2|
; Causing bodily harm by criminal negligence (street racing)
249.3 Everyone who by criminal negligence causes bodily harm to another person while street racing is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
<br>
{{LegHistory00s|2006, c. 14}}, s. 2.
|{{CCCSec2|249.3}}
|{{NoteUp|249.3}}
}}

{{quotation2|
; Dangerous operation of motor vehicle while street racing
249.4 (1) Everyone commits an offence who, while street racing, operates a motor vehicle in a manner described in paragraph 249(1)(a).
<br>
; Punishment
(2) Everyone who commits an offence under subsection (1)
:(a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; or
:(b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.<br>

; Dangerous operation causing bodily harm
(3) Everyone who commits an offence under subsection (1) and thereby causes bodily harm to another person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
<br>
; Dangerous operation causing death
(4) Everyone who commits an offence under subsection (1) and thereby causes the death of another person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life.
<br>
{{LegHistory00s|2006, c. 14}}, s. 2.
|{{CCCSec2|249.4}}
|{{NoteUp|249.4|1|2|3|4}}
}}

==Proof of Elements==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|street racing, causing death|249.2}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit does anything that amounts to "criminal negligence"
# {{box}} the prohibited act "causes death to another person" and
# {{box}} the prohibited act occurred "while street racing".

{{ElementRight}}

{{Proving|street racing, causing bodily|249.3}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit does anything that amounts to "criminal negligence"
# {{box}} the prohibited act "causes bodily harm to another person" and
# {{box}} the prohibited act occurred "while street racing".

{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|dangerous operation while street racing, causing bodily|249.4(1), (2)}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit "operates a motor vehicle";
# {{box}} the operation is in a "manner described in paragraph 249(1)(a)"
# {{box}} the prohibited act occurred "while street racing".

{{ElementRight}}

{{Proving|dangerous operation while street racing, causing bodily|249.4(3)}}
# {{box}} the underlying elements of s. 249.4(1);
# {{box}} another person suffers bodily harm; and 
# {{box}} prohibited act causes the bodily harm.

{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|dangerous operation while street racing, causing bodily|249.4(4)}}
# {{box}} the underlying elements of s. 249.4(1);
# {{box}} another person dies; and 
# {{box}} prohibited act causes the death.

{{ElementRight}}

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

Where there is no direct evidence of a race, the court can consider a number of factors indicative of racing. The factors include:<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Machado|27sk8|2010 ONSC 277 (CanLII)|92 MVR (5th) 58}}{{perONSC|Durno J}} <br>
{{CanLIIRx|Gould|ftsz0|2012 ABCA 339 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtABCA}}<br>
</ref> 
# two vehicles travelling at excessive speeds;
# two vehicles being driven aggressively in tandem;
# two vehicles in close proximity to each other over a material distance;
# one vehicle tailgating the other or other vehicles;
# abrupt and unsafe lane changes;
# blocking;
# bold manoeuvres in and out of traffic;
# jockeying for position;
# high‑risk passing manoeuvres;
# acts or gestures between the drivers;
# "lay witness’ opinions that the drivers appeared to be racing although a conclusory statement that the drivers were racing is of minimal evidentiary value without the bases upon which the witness reached that conclusion. It would be akin to seeking to establish dangerous driving where the only evidence was a witness who said, “I was sitting on my porch and the accused drove his car down the road in a dangerous manner."

The absence of any number of factors is not determinative to the court's decision.

{{reflist|2}}
===Misc Definitions===

Section 2 defines "street racing":
{{quotation2|
2 In this Act,<Br>
{{ellipsis}}
'''"street racing"''' means operating a motor vehicle in a race with at least one other motor vehicle on a street, road, highway or other public place;<br>
{{ellipsis}}
[This definition was repealed by SC 2018, c 21, s. 12]
|{{CCCSec2|2}}
|{{NoteUp|2}}
}}

[[Criminal Negligence (Offence)|Section 219]] defines "criminal negligence".

{{reflist|2}}

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt 
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS --> 
|s. x {{DescrSec|x}} || || || 
|- 
{{VictimEnd}}

{{606NoticeSPIO|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)}}

{{606Notice5Y|s. 249.4(2)}}

{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}

; Maximum Penalties

{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 249.2 and <br> s. 249.4(4) | {{NA}} | {{MaxLife}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 249.3 and <Br> s. 249.4(3) |{{NA}} |  {{Max14Years}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 349.4(2)| {{Summary}} | {{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 349.4(2)| {{Indictment}} | {{Max5Years}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltyIndictment|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)|'''{{MaxLife}}''' under s. 249.2 and 249.4(4) and '''{{Max14Years}}''' under s. 249.3 and 249.4(3)}}

{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|s. 249.4(2)|'''{{Max5Years}}'''|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 249.4(2) || any || {{SProfileAll}}
|-
|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4) || {{NA}}  || {{SProfileNoDischargeOrCSO}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{AllDispositionsAvailable1|s. 249.4(2)}}

{{NoDischargeAvailable|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)}}

{{NoCSOAvailable|C|s. 249.2, 249.3, and 249.4(3) and (4)}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}

{{AOrder1| [[DNA Orders]] |s. 249.1(4), 249.2, 249.3, 249.4(3) or 249.4(4)|
* {{SecondDNA(AorB)|s. 249.1(4), 249.2, 249.3, 249.4(3) or 249.4(4)}}
* {{SecondDNA(AorB)Hybrid|s. 249.4(1) or (2)}} }}

{{AOrder1| [[Delayed Parole Eligibility|Delayed Parole Order]] |s. 249.1(3) and (4), 249.1, 249.2, 249.3 or 249.4 |
* {{ParoleDelayEligible|1|s. 249.1(3) and (4), 249.1, 249.2, 249.3 or 249.4}} }}

{{AOrderEnd}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==See Also==
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/MotorVehicles}}