View source for Conversion Therapy (Offence)

{{Currency2|January|2022}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Conversion Therapy 
|OffencePage=Conversion Therapy 
|Section=320.102, 320.103, and 320.104 
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBHybridElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}}
|Bail={{OBBailAll}}
|SummaryDisp={{OBDispAll}} 
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax=  {{OBSConviction}} 
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDispSame}} 
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}}
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|2 years}} (320.103, 320.104)<br> {{OBTime|5 years}} (320.102) 
}}

==Overview==
:''In force from January 7, 2022''
{{OverviewVIII|conversion therapy}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}<Br>s. 320.103 {{DescrSec|320.103}}<Br>s. 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}}<Br> | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection-Under14|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}, 320.103 {{DescrSec|320.103}} or 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}} }}

{{Section109Notice}}

; Release

{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}|| {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
|s. 320.103 {{DescrSec|320.103}}|| {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
|s. 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}}|| {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}}}

:''<u>Renversement du fardeau de la preuve</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark-Under10}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark-Under10}}
|-
|s. 320.103 {{DescrSec|320.103}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark-Under10}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark-Under10}}
|-
|s. 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark-Under10}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark-Under10}}
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Conversion therapy
320.102 Everyone who knowingly causes another person to undergo conversion therapy — including by providing conversion therapy to that other person — is
:(a) guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years; or
:(b) guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

|{{CCCSec2|320.102}} 
|{{NoteUp|320.102}}
}}

{{quotation2|
; Promoting or advertising
320.103 Everyone who knowingly promotes or advertises conversion therapy is
:(a) guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years; or
:(b) guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
|{{CCCSec2|320.103}} 
|{{NoteUp|320.103}}
}}

{{quotation2|
; Material benefit
320.104 Everyone who receives a financial or other material benefit, knowing that it is obtained or derived directly or indirectly from the provision of conversion therapy, is
:(a) guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years; or
:(b) guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

|{{CCCSec2|320.104}} 
|{{NoteUp|320.104}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 320.102
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, contrary to section 320.102 of the ''Criminal Code''.
|-
| 320.103
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, contrary to section 320.103 of the ''Criminal Code''.
|-
| 320.104
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, contrary to section 320.104 of the ''Criminal Code''.
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|conversion therapy|320.102}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit causes a person to undergo therapy;
# {{box}} the therapy constitutes "conversion therapy";
# {{box}} the culprit knew that the therapy was conversion therapy.

{{ElementRight}}
{{Proving|promoting or advertising|320.103}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit promotes or advertises therapy;
# {{box}} the therapy constitutes "conversion therapy";
# {{box}} the culprit knew that the therapy was conversion therapy.

{{ElementLeft}}
{{Proving|material benefit|320.104}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit receives a material benefit;
# {{box}} the culprit knew that the benefit was obtained or derived from the provision of therapy;
# {{box}} the therapy constitutes "conversion therapy".

{{ElementRight}}

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

{{Reflist|2}}

===Definition===

{{Quotation2|
; Definition of conversion therapy
320.101 In sections 320.102 to 320.104 {{AnnSec3|320.102 to 320.104}}, conversion therapy means a practice, treatment or service designed to
:(a) change a person’s sexual orientation to heterosexual;
:(b) change a person’s gender identity to cisgender;
:(c) change a person’s gender expression so that it conforms to the sex assigned to the person at birth;
:(d) repress or reduce non-heterosexual attraction or sexual behaviour;
:(e) repress a person’s non-cisgender gender identity; or
:(f) repress or reduce a person’s gender expression that does not conform to the sex assigned to the person at birth.

For greater certainty, this definition does not include a practice, treatment or service that relates to the exploration or development of an integrated personal identity — such as a practice, treatment or service that relates to a person’s gender transition — and that is not based on an assumption that a particular sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression is to be preferred over another.

|{{CCCSec2|320.101}} 
|{{NoteUp|320.101}}
}}

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->
|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}} || {{No}} || {{Yes-Indictment}}||
|-
|s. 320.103 {{DescrSec|320.103}}<br>s. 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}}  || {{No}} || {{Yes-Indictment}} || ||
|-
{{VictimEnd}}{{606Notice5Y|s. 264.1(1)(a) [treat to person]}}

{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}
{{seealsoSentencingViolence}}

===Sentencing Profile===
; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec| 320.102}} | Summary Conviction |{{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec| 320.102}} | Indictable Conviction |{{Max5Years}}}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 320.103 {{DescrSec| 320.103}}<br>s. 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}} | Summary Conviction |{{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 320.103 {{DescrSec| 320.103}}<br>s. 320.104 {{DescrSec|320.104}} | Indictable Conviction |{{Max2Years}}}}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|s. 320.102|'''{{Max5Years}}''' under s. 264.1(2) and '''{{Max2Years}}''' under s. 264.1(3)| '''{{Max18Months}}''' under s. 264.1(2) and {{summaryconviction}} under s. 264.1(3)}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}} || any || {{SProfileAll}}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===

{{reflist|2}}

===Range===
{{seealsoRanges|Conversion Therapy}}

{{reflist|2}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}

{{AOrder1| [[DNA Orders]] |s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}|
* {{SecondDNA(CtoE)|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}}}} }}

{{AOrderEnd}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons==
{{RecordSuspension|s. 320.102 {{DescrSec|320.102}} }}

==History==
{{seealso|List of Criminal Code Amendments|Table of Concordance (Criminal Code)}}

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]