View source for Hoax Regarding Terrorist Activity (Offence)

{{Currency2|January|2021}}
{{LevelOne}}
{{HeaderTerrorOffences}}

{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Hoax Regarding Terrorist Activity 
|OffencePage=Hoax Regarding Terrorist Activity 
|Section=83.231(2), (3) or (4) 
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBIndictableElection}} (causing death), {{OBHybridElection}} 
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll}} 
|Bail= {{OBBailVar}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}} 
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} or {{OBTime|18 months}} 
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDisp742.1(d)Varies}} 
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|5, 10 years}} or {{OBMaxLife}} }}

==Overview==
{{seealso|Terrorism Offences}}
{{OverviewII.1|hoax regarding terrorist activity}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} or<br>s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}} | {{No}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-Life}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} or s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}}}}

{{PleadingsIndictElection|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}}}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}

|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} or<br>s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}|| {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-

{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} or 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}}}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}}}

:''<u>Renversement du fardeau de la preuve</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}}, s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}} or s.83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 83.231 {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}}<!--SPIO--> || {{OKMark}} <!--consent--> || {{XMark}}
|-
|s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}} or <br>s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}} || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}}<!--SPIO--> || {{OKMark}} <!--consent-->|| {{OKMark}}
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{WiretapDesignation|s. 83.231 {{DescrSec|83.231}}}}

{{SPIODesignation|A|s. 83.231(3)}}

{{AGConsent|s. 83.231 {{DescrSec|83.231}}}}<ref>
Section 83.24 states "Proceedings in respect of a terrorism offence or an offence under section 83.12 shall not be commenced without the consent of the Attorney General."</ref>

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}
{{reflist|2}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Hoax Regarding Terrorist Activity
; Hoax — terrorist activity
83.231 (1) Every one commits an offence who, without lawful excuse and with intent to cause any person to fear death, bodily harm, substantial damage to property or serious interference with the lawful use or operation of property,
:(a) conveys or causes or procures to be conveyed information that, in all the circumstances, is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur, without believing the information to be true; or
:(b) commits an act that, in all the circumstances, is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur, without believing that such activity is occurring or will occur.

; Punishment
(2) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec0|83.231A}} is guilty of
:(a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; or
:(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.

; Causing bodily harm
(3) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec0|83.231A}} and thereby causes bodily harm to any other person is guilty of
:(a) an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; or
:(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.

; Causing death
(4) Every one who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec0|83.231A}} and thereby causes the death of any other person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life.

{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 15}}, s. 32;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 23.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|83.231}}
|{{NoteUp|83.231|1|2|3|4}}
}}
===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 83.231(a)
| hoax regarding terrorist
|"{{ellipsis1}}, without lawful excuse and with intent to cause [name1] to fear death or bodily harm or substantial damage to property or serious interference with the lawful use or operation of property did convey or cause or procure to be conveyed information that is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur without believing that the information is true{{ToWit-Particulars}} {{contrary|83.231(a)}}.
|-
| 83.231(b)
| hoax regarding terrorist
|"{{ellipsis1}}, without lawful excuse and with intent to cause [name1] to fear death or bodily harm or substantial damage to property or serious interference with the lawful use or operation of property did commit the act of [particulars] that is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur without believing that such activity is occurring or will occur{{ToWit-Particulars}} {{contrary|83.231(b)}}.
|-
| 83.231(a)
| hoax regarding terrorist - causing bodily harm
|"{{ellipsis1}}, without lawful excuse and with intent to cause [name1] to fear death or bodily harm or substantial damage to property or serious interference with the lawful use or operation of property did convey or cause or procure to be conveyed information that is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur without believing that the information is true and thereby caused bodily harm to [name1]{{ToWit-Particulars}} {{contrary|83.231(a)}}.
|-
| 83.231(b)
| hoax regarding terrorist - causing bodily harm
|"{{ellipsis1}}, without lawful excuse and with intent to cause [name1] to fear death or bodily harm or substantial damage to property or serious interference with the lawful use or operation of property did commit the act of [particulars] that is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur without believing that the information is true and thereby caused bodily harm to [name1]{{ToWit-Particulars}} {{contrary|83.231(b)}}.
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==

{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|hoax of terrorist activity|83.231(1)}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit had no "lawful excuse";
# {{box}} the culprit intented "to cause any person to fear death, bodily harm, substantial damage to property or serious interference with the lawful use or operation of property";
# either:
## {{box}} "conveys or causes or procures to be conveyed information that, in all the circumstances, is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur, without believing the information to be true"; or
## {{box}} "commits an act that, in all the circumstances, is likely to cause a reasonable apprehension that terrorist activity is occurring or will occur, without believing that such activity is occurring or will occur".

{{ElementRight}}

{{Proving|hoax of terrorist activity (causing bodily harm)|83.231(3)}}
# {{box}} the elements of s. 83.231(1);
# {{box}} a person suffered "bodily harm";
# {{box}} harm is caused by the alleged conduct.

{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|hoax of terrorist activity (causing death)|83.231(4)}}
# {{box}} the elements of s. 83.231(1);
# {{box}} a person dies;
# {{box}} death is caused by the alleged conduct.

{{ElementRight}}

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

==="Terrorist Activity", "terrorist group", "terrorism offence"===
See [[Terrorism Definitions]]

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt 
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS --> 
|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} || || || 
|- 
|s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}} || || || 
|- 
{{VictimEnd}}

{{606NoticeSPIO|s. 83.231(3)}}

{{606Notice5Y|s. 83.231(2)}}

{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}
{{seealsoSentencingTerrorism}}

===Sentencing Profile===
; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} |{{summary}}|{{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}}|{{indictment}}|{{Max5Years}}}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}}|{{summary}}|{{summaryconviction}}}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}}|{{indictment}}|{{Max10Years}}}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}|{{NA}} |{{MaxLife}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} and (3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}}|'''{{Max5Years}}''' under s. 83.231(2) and '''{{Max10Years}}''' under s. 83.231(3)|'''{{summaryconviction}}''' under s. 83.231(2) and '''{{Max18Months}}''' under s. 83.231(3)}}

{{MaxPenaltyIndictment|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}|'''{{MaxLife}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties1| s. 83.231(2), (3), or (4)}}

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 83.231(2) {{DescrSec|83.231(2)}} and<br>s. 83.231(3) {{DescrSec|83.231(3)}} || any || {{SProfileNoCSO}}
|-
|s. 83.231(4) {{DescrSec|83.231(4)}}|| {{NA}} || {{SProfileNoDischargeOrCSO}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

No [[Conditional Sentences|conditional sentences]] available if convicted under s. 83.231(3) or (4). No [[Discharges|discharges]] available if convicted under s. 83.231(4).

; Consecutive Sentences
Under s. 83.26 sentences must be served consecutive to any other sentence.

===Principles===

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Hoax Regarding Terrorist Activity}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}

{{AOrder|[[DNA Orders]] | s. 83.231(3) or (4) |
* {{SecondDNA(AorB)|s. 83.231(3) or (4)}}
}}

{{AOrder| [[Weapons Prohibition Orders]] | s. 83.231(3) or (4)) | s. 110 discretionary order 
}}

{{AOrderEnd}}

'''General Orders'''
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons== 
{{RecordSuspension|s. 83.231(3) or (4) }}

==See Also==
{{OffencesNavBar/Terrorism}}