View source for Pointing a Firearm (Offence)

{{Currency2|January|2014}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox
|OffenceTitle=Pointing a Firearm
|OffencePage=Pointing a Firearm
|Section=87
|Act={{OBCCC}}
|CrownElection= {{OBHybridElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}} 
|Bail={{OBBailAll}}
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}}
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} 
|IndictableDisp={{OBDispSame}}
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|5 years}} }}

==Overview==
{{seealso|Weapon Offences}}

{{OverviewIII|pointing a firearm}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection-Under14|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}} }}

{{Section109Notice}}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}|| {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{OKMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark}} <!--SPIO MAX - no:< 10 yrs--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent-->
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{DODesignation|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}

{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Pointing a firearm
87 (1) Every person commits an offence who, without lawful excuse, points a firearm at another person, whether the firearm is loaded or unloaded.
<br>
; Punishment
(2) Every person who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec0|87(1)A}}
:(a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; or
:(b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.<br>
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 87; 
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 39}}, s. 139.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|87}}
|{{NoteUp|87|1|2}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 87(1) 
| pointing a firearm
|"{{ellipsis1}}, without lawful excuse, did point a firearm at [person]{{toWit-Conduct}} contrary to section 87(1) of the ''Criminal Code''."
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|pointing a firearm|87}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit [[Possession|possessed]] an object 
# {{box}} the object was a [[Definition of Firearms|firearm]]
## {{box}} description of the firearm / ballistics test report
# {{box}} the culprit pointed it at a person
# {{box}} the culprit had not "lawful excuse".

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

; Lesser Included Offences
This offence does not include imitation firearms.<ref>
{{CanLIIRx|AW|ftqq9|2012 ONCA 778 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtONCA}}
</ref> 

[[Careless Use or Storage of a Firearm (Offence)|Careless Use of a Firearm]] is not an included offence to pointing a firearm.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Copp|23098|2009 NBCA 16 (CanLII)|243 CCC (3d) 447}}{{perNBCA| Richard JA}}
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}
===Misc Definitions===
<!--TODO consider whether to use '''Cross-Referenced Terms'''<br>-->
* Section 2 defines "[[Definition of Firearms|firearm]]".

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS --> 
|s. 87 || || || |- 
{{VictimEnd}} 

{{606Notice5Y|s. 87}}

{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==

{{seealsoSentencing}}
{{seealsoSentencingWeapons}}

; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}} | {{Summary}} | {{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}} | {{Indictment}} | {{Max5Years}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}
{{MaxPenaltyHybrid|s. 87|'''{{Max5Years}}'''|'''{{summaryconviction}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===
{{seealso|Weapons Offences (Sentencing)}}
Where a handgun is used in a public place, there is a significant emphasis on denunciation and deterrence.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Danvers|1lhd0|2005 CanLII 30044 (ON CA)|199 CCC (3d) 490}}{{perONCA|Armstrong JA}}{{atL|1lhd0|77}} - "the use of handguns in public places cries out for lengthy increased periods of parole ineligibility"</ref>

{{Reflist|2}}

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Pointing a Firearm}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}
|-
| [[DNA Orders]]  || s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}||
* {{SecondDNA(AorB)Hybrid|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}
|-
| [[Weapons Prohibition Orders]]  || s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}||
* {{Section109|D|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}
* {{Section110|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}
|-
| [[Delayed Parole Eligibility|Delayed Parole Order]]|| s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}||
* {{ParoleDelayEligible|1|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}}}}
{{AOrderEnd}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons== 
{{RecordSuspension|s. 87 {{DescrSec|87}} }}

==History==

Prior to December 1, 1998 s. 87 read:
{{quotation1|
97. Every one who, without lawful excuse, points a firearm at another person, whether the firearm is loaded or unloaded,
:(a) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; or
:(b) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
|}}

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBox/Weapons}}