View source for Intimidation Impeding Health Services (Offence)

{{Currency2|February|2022}}
{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle=Intimidation Impeding Health Services
|OffencePage=Intimidation Impeding Health Services
|Section=423.2
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBHybridElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}} 
|Bail= {{OBBailAll}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispAll}} 
|SummaryMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|SummaryMax= {{OBSConviction}} 
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDispSame}} 
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}} 
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|10 years}} 
}}

==Overview==
{{seealso|Intimidation (Offence)|Intimidation of a Justice System Participant (Offence)}}
{{OverviewX|intimidation}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} | Yes | {{Yes-IfCrown}} |{{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection-Under14|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} }}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Hybrid}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Hybrid|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}}  }}

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} }}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark}}
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Intimidation — health services
423.2 (1) Every person commits an offence who engages in any conduct with the intent to provoke a state of fear in
:(a) a person in order to impede them from obtaining health services from a health professional;
:(b) a health professional in order to impede them in the performance of their duties; or
:(c) a person, whose functions are to assist a health professional in the performance of the health professional’s duties, in order to impede that person in the performance of those functions.

; Obstruction or interference with access
(2) Every person commits an offence who, without lawful authority, intentionally obstructs or interferes with another person’s lawful access to a place at which health services are provided by a health professional.

; Punishment
(3) Every person who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec4|423.2(1)A}} or (2) {{AnnSec4|423.2(2)A}} is
:(a) guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years; or
:(b) guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.

; Defence
(4) No person is guilty of an offence under subsection (2) {{AnnSec4|423.2(2)A}} by reason only that they attend at or near, or approach, a place referred to in that subsection for the purpose only of obtaining or communicating information.

; Definition of health professional
(5) In this section, health professional means a person who is entitled under the laws of a province to provide health services.

{{LegHistory20s|2021, c. 27}}, s. 2.
|{{CCCSec2|423.2}}
|{{NoteUp|423.2|1|2|3|4|5}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
|423.2(a)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did engage in conduct [particulars] with intent to provoke a state of fear in [name1] in order to impede them from obtaining health services from a health professional {{contrary|423.2}}."
|-
|423.2(b)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did engage in conduct [particulars] with intent to provoke a state of fear in [name1], a health professional, in order to impede them in the performance of their duties {{contrary|423.2}}."
|-
|423.2(c)
| 
|"{{ellipsis1}}, did engage in conduct [particulars] with intent to provoke a state of fear in [name1], whose functions are to assist a health professional in the performance of the health professional’s duties, in order to impede that person in the performance of those functions {{contrary|423.2}}."
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}
{{Proving|intimidation|423.2}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit does anything;
# {{box}} the culprit's conduct was done with the intent to provoke a state of fear in a person; 
# {{box}} the culprit also intended one of the following secondary consequences:
## {{box}} to impede a person from obtaining health services from a health professional;
## {{box}} to impede a health professional in the performance of their duties; or 
## {{box}} to impede that person in performance of functions that assist a health professional in the performance of the health professional’s duties
{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==

{{reflist|2}}


==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS --> 
|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} || || || 
|- 
{{VictimEnd}} 

{{606Notice5Y|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} }}

{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}
{{seealsoSentencingViolence}}
; Maximum Penalties

{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}

{{SProfileMax|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} |{{summary}} | {{summaryconviction}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} |{{indictment}} | {{Max10Years}} }}

{{SProfileEnd}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions

{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} || any ||{{SProfileAll}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Intimidation}}

== Ancillary Sentencing Orders ==
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}
|-
| [[DNA Orders|DNA orders]]  ||s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} ||
* {{SecondDNA(CtoE)|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} }}
|-
| [[Weapons Prohibition Orders]] ||s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} ||
* {{Section110|s. 423.2 {{DescrSec|423.2}} }}
{{AOrderEnd}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==History==
{{seealso|List of Criminal Code Amendments (2020 to present)}}
This section was created January 16, 2022.

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/Violence}}