View source for Conveyance Offence Causing Bodily Harm or Death (Offence)

[[fr:Capacité de conduire affaiblie causant des lésions corporelles ou la mort (infraction)]]
{{Currency2|January|2019}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderConveyances}}
{{OffenceBox 
|OffenceTitle= Conveyance Offence Causing Bodily Harm or Death 
|OffencePage= Conveyance Offence Causing Bodily Harm or Death 
|Section=320.2 and 320.21 
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBHybridElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll}} 
|Bail= {{OBBailAll}} 
|SummaryDisp= {{OBDispFineorJail}}
|SummaryMin=$1,000 + 12 months Driving Prohib.(first)<br>30 days jail + 2 to 5 years Driving Prohib. (second)<br> 120 days + 3 or more years Driving Prohib. (three or more)
|SummaryMax= {{OBTwoYLess}} or $5,000 fine 
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDispSame}} 
|IndictableMin= ''same as summary'' 
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|10, 14 years or life}} }}

==Overview==
{{seealso|Conveyance Offences}}
{{OverviewVIII.1|conveyance use causing bodily harm or death}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsHybridList-N| s. 320.2 {{DescrSec|320.2}}| {{Yes}} | {{Yes-IfCrown}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N| s. 320.21 {{DescrSec|320.21}} | {{Yes}} | {{NA}} |{{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsHybridElection|s. 320.2 {{DescrSec|320.2}} }}

{{PleadingsIndictElection|s. 320.21 {{DescrSec|320.21}} }}

{{IncreasedPenalty|s. 320.2 {{DescrSec|320.2}} or 320.21 {{DescrSec|320.21}} }}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 320.14(2) {{DescrSec|320.14(2)}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-
|s. 320.14(3) {{DescrSec|320.14(3)}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 320.2 and 320.21}}

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 320.2 and 320.21}}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 320.2 {{DescrSec|320.2}}  || {{OKMark}} <!--wire--> || {{OKMark}} <!--DO-->||{{OKMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark}}
|-
|s. 320.21 {{DescrSec|320.21}}  || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark}}
{{DesignationEnd}}

==Offence Wording==
''Offence wording as of December 18, 2018'', see History below for previous versions.

{{quotation2|
320.14<br>
{{removed|(1)}}
; Operation causing bodily harm
(2) Everyone commits an offence who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec3|320.14(1)}} and who, while operating the conveyance, causes bodily harm to another person.

; Operation causing death
(3) Everyone commits an offence who commits an offence under subsection (1) {{AnnSec3|320.14(1)}} and who, while operating the conveyance, causes the death of another person.

{{removed|(4), (5), (6) and (7)}}
{{LegHistory10s|2018, c. 21}}, s. 15.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|320.14}} 
|{{NoteUp|320.14|2|3}}
}}

{{quotation2|
; Punishment in case of bodily harm
320.2 Everyone who commits an offence under subsection 320.13(2) {{AnnSec3|320.13(2)}}, 320.14(2) {{AnnSec3|320.14(2)}}, 320.15(2) {{AnnSec3|320.15(2)}} or 320.16(2) {{AnnSec3|320.16(2)}} is liable on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction
:(a) to the following minimum punishment, namely,
::(i) for a first offence, a fine of $1,000,
::(ii) for a second offence, imprisonment for a term of 30 days, and
::(iii) for each subsequent offence, imprisonment for a term of 120 days;
:(b) if the offence is prosecuted by indictment, to imprisonment for a term of not more than 14 years; and
:(c) if the offence is punishable on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years less a day.

{{LegHistory10s|2018, c. 21}}, s. 15.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|320.2}}
|{{NoteUp|320.2}}
}}

{{quotation2|
; Punishment in case of death
320.21 Everyone who commits an offence under subsection 320.13(3) {{AnnSec3|320.13(3)}}, 320.14(3) {{AnnSec3|320.14(3)}}, 320.15(3) {{AnnSec3|320.15(3)}} or 320.16(3) {{AnnSec3|320.16(3)}} is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of,
:(a) for a first offence, a fine of $1,000;
:(b) for a second offence, imprisonment for a term of 30 days; and
:(c) for each subsequent offence, imprisonment for a term of 120 days.

{{LegHistory10s|2018, c. 21}}, s. 15.
{{Annotation}}
|{{CCCSec2|320.21}}
|{{NoteUp|320.21}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===

{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
|320.14(2)
| operating while impaired causing bodily harm
|"{{ellipsis1}} while his ability to operate a conveyance was impaired by alcohol or a drug or a combination of alcohol and drug did operate a conveyance and thereby caused bodily harm to [name], contrary to section 320.14(2){{CCC}}."
|-
|320.14(3)
| operating while impaired causing death
|"{{ellipsis1}} while his ability to operate a conveyance was impaired by alcohol or a drug or a combination of alcohol and drug did operate a conveyance and thereby caused the death of [name], contrary to section 320.14(3){{CCC}}."
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offences==

{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}} <!--s. 320.14(2) [Operation while impaired and causing bodily harm] -->
{{Proving|Operation while impaired and causing bodily harm|320.14(2)}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{ellipsis1}}
{{ElementRight}} <!--s. 320.14(3) [Operation while impaired and causing death]-->
{{Proving|Operation while impaired and causing death|320.14(3)}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{ellipsis1}}

{{ElementEnd}}

==Interpretation of the Offence==



==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt 
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS --> 
|s. 320.14(2) {{DescrSec|320.14(2)}} and 320.2 {{DescrSec|320.2}} ||{{OKMark-SPIO-I}} || {{OKMark-Indict}} ||  {{OKMark}} (if loss exists) || {{OKMark}}
|- 
|s. 320.14(3) {{DescrSec|320.14(3)}} and 320.21 {{DescrSec|320.21}} ||{{OKMark-SPIO-I}} || {{OKMark-Indict}} ||  {{OKMark}} (if loss exists) || {{OKMark}}
|- 
{{VictimEnd}}

<!--
{{606Notice5Y|XX}}
{{606NoticeSPIO|XX}}
-->
{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==

; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 320.14 {{DescrSec|320.14}} and 320.19 {{DescrSec|320.19}} | {{Summary}} | {{Max2YearsLess}} }}
{{SProfileMax|s. 320.14 and 320.19 | {{Indictment}} | {{Max10Years}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}
Offences under s. 320.14 and 320.19 are hybrid. If prosecuted by indictment, the maximum penalty is '''5 years''' incarceration. If prosecuted by summary conviction, the maximum penalty is '''10 years less a day''' jail.

; Minimum Penalties
For offences under s. 320.14 and 320.19, the minimum penalty is a '''$1,000 fine''', '''30 days''' jail with a prior conviction, or '''120 days''' jail with two or more prior convictions.


; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 320.2 {{DescrSec|320.2}} || any || {{OKMark}} (**) || {{XMark}} || {{OKMark}} (**) || {{OKMark}}   || {{OKMark}}  || {{OKMark}}  || {{XMark}}
|-
|s. 320.21 {{DescrSec|320.21}} || any || {{OKMark}} (**) || {{XMark}} || {{OKMark}} (**) || {{OKMark}}   || {{OKMark}}  || {{OKMark}}  || {{XMark}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}<ref>(**) Availability may vary</ref>

For offences under s. 320.19 without any prior convictions, discharges are not available. 

For offences under s. 320.19 with a prior conviction, discharges, suspended sentences, stand-alone fines and conditional sentences are not available.

Despite any mandatory minimum penalties, the judge has discretion to substitute a mandatory sentence with a [[Curative Discharges|curative discharge]] for convictions under s. 253, which includes impaired driving and operating a vehicle with BAC level over 80mg/ml.<ref>
Discharges are ''not'' available in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, or Newfoundland
</ref>

Section 731(1)(a) precludes the use of suspended sentences where there are mandatory minimums.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Berner|fx6j8|2013 BCCA 188 (CanLII)|297 CCC (3d) 69}}{{TheCourtBCCA}}{{atL|fx6j8|36}}<br>
</ref>

{{reflist|2}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}
|-
| [[DNA Orders]]
|
s. 320.14(1)(a) [Operation while impaired],<br>
320.14(1)(b) [operation while over 80],<br>
320.14(1)(c) [operation while blood drug exceeds regs re drug],<br>
320.14(1)(d) [operation while blood drug exceeds regs re blood],<br>
320.14(2) [Operation while impaired and causing bodily harm], <br>
320.14(3) [Operation while impaired and causing death],<br>
|
* {{SecondDNA(AorB)|s. 320.14(3)}}
* {{SecondDNA(AorB)Hybrid|s. 320.14(1), (2)}}
|-
| [[Driving Prohibition Orders|Driving Prohibition]] (320.24) || s. 320.14(1) or 320.15(1)|| Min. 1 year (1st time), 2 years (2nd time), 3 years (3rd time or more)
|-
| [[Forfeiture Orders|Forfeiture of Vehicle]] || ||
{{AOrderEnd}}

Offences under 320.14(4) [Operation with low blood drug concentrations] are ''not'' eligible for a DNA Order.

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==History==
{{seealso|List of Criminal Code Amendments|Table of Concordance (Criminal Code)}}
* [[History Impaired Driving and Over 80 Offences]]

==See Also==
* [[Causation]]
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

{{OffencesNavBar/MotorVehicles}}