View source for Fabricating Evidence (Offence)

[[fr:Fabrication de preuve (infraction)]]
{{Currency2|January|2015}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}

{{OffenceBox
|OffenceTitle=Fabricating Evidence
|OffencePage=Fabricating Evidence
|Section=137
|Act={{OBCCC}} 
|CrownElection={{OBIndictableElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-14Above}}
|Bail={{OBBailJudge}}
|IndictableDisp={{OBDisp14orLife}}
|IndictableMin={{OBMinNone}}
|IndictableMax={{OBTime|14 years}}
}}

==Overview==
{{OverviewIV|fabricating evidence}}

; Pleadings
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} | {{NA}} | {{Yes}} | {{Yes-14Years}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}

{{PleadingsIndictElection-14Above|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} }}

; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}} 
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}

{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}}}}

:''<u>Reverse Onus Bail</u>''
{{ReverseOnusCirc}}

:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} }}

; Publication Bans
{{GeneralPubBan}}

; Offence Designations
{{DesignationHeader}}
|-
|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} || {{XMark}} <!--wire--> || {{XMark}} <!--DO-->||{{XMark}} <!--SPIO--> || {{XMark}} <!--consent--> || {{OKMark-14Years}}
{{DesignationEnd}}
{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}

{{reflist|2}}

==Offence Wording==
{{quotation2|
; Fabricating evidence
137. Every one who, with intent to mislead, fabricates anything with intent that it shall be used as evidence in a judicial proceeding, existing or proposed, by any means other than perjury or incitement to perjury is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.
<br>
R.S., c. C-34, s. 125.
|{{CCCSec2|137}}
|{{NoteUp|137}}
}}

===Draft Form of Charges===
{{seealso|Draft Form of Charges}}
{{DraftHeader}}
|-
| 137
| fabricating evidence
|"{{ellipsis1}}, with intent to mislead, did fabricate [thing] with the intent that it be used as evidence in a judicial proceeding, existing or proposed, by any means other than perjury or incitement to perjury{{ToWit-Conduct}} {{contrary|137}}.
{{DraftEnd}}

==Proof of the Offence==
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}

{{Proving|fabricating evidence|137}}
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit fabricated something;
# {{box}} the thing was used as evidence in a judicial proceeding, existing or proposed;
# {{box}} the culprit was aware of the use of the evidence;
# {{box}} the culprit intended to mislead by any means other than perjury or incitement to perjury

{{ElementEnd}}

==Participation of Third Parties==
{{seealso|Role of the Victim and Third Parties|Testimonial Aids for Young, Disabled or Vulnerable Witnesses}}

; Testimonial Aids
{{3rdPTestimonyAids}}

; On Finding of Guilt
{{VictimHeader}} <!-- Sections / Notice of Agree / Notice of Restitution / Notice of VIS -->
|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} || || ||
|-
{{VictimEnd}}<!--
{{606Notice5Y|XX}}
{{606NoticeSPIO|XX}}
-->
{{RestitutionNotice}}

{{VISNotice}}

==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}

; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} | {{NA}} | {{Max14Years}} }}
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{MaxPenaltyIndictment|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}}|'''{{Max14Years}}'''}}

; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}

; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}}|| {{NA}} || {{SProfileNoDischargeOrCSO}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}

{{NoDischargeAvailable|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}}}}
{{NoCSOAvailable|C|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}}}}

; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}

===Principles===

===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Fabricating Evidence}}

==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
	
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}
| [[DNA Orders]] ||s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}}||
*{{SecondDNA(AorB)|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} }}
{{AOrderEnd}}

; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}

; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}

==Record Suspensions and Pardons== 

{{RecordSuspension|s. 137 {{DescrSec|137}} }}

==See Also==
; References
* [[Pre-Trial and Trial Motions Checklist]]

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