Entry into Place to Execute an Arrest Warrant: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:09, 23 July 2024

This page was last substantively updated or reviewed January 2017. (Rev. # 95833)

< Search and Seizure

General Principles

See also: Search Incident to Arrest#Residences

When a suspect is the subject of an arrest warrant and he is believed to be found in a dwelling-house, the peace officer must seek a judicial authorization to enter the dwelling using a "Feeney" Warrant.^[1]

A person has an increased privacy right in their home which prohibits warrantless entries even for the purpose of a lawful arrest^[2] or seizure of evidence.^[3]

Any power to enter a dwelling-house to carry out an arrest under a Criminal Code offence will equally apply to warrants under other federal Acts.^[4]

A warrantless entry into a home is presumed unlawful.^[5]

↑ R v Feeney, 1997 CanLII 342 (SCC), [1997] 2 SCR 13, per Sopinka J, at para 45 (“generally a warrant is required to make an arrest in a dwelling house.")
↑ Feeney, ibid., at paras 19 to 20
↑ R v Golub, 1997 CanLII 6316 (ON CA), 117 CCC (3d) 193, per Doherty JA, at para 41
↑ see s. 34.1 of the Interpretation Act
↑ R v Silveira, 1995 CanLII 89 (SCC), [1995] 2 SCR 297, per Cory J, at para 162

Implied Invitation to Knock

A peace officer is granted an implied licence by all residents to approach a residence, enter upon the property for the purpose of "knocking" at a door for the purpose of facilitating communication with occupant.^[1] Occupants are deemed to have waived their privacy rights for the purpose on "facilitating communication" only and where the purpose goes beyond that it will be impermissible.^[2]

Where a peace officer speaks to an occupant at the door who could be subject to arrest, the occupant is entitled to refuse to leave his residence and require police to get a "Feeney" warrant.^[3]

"Knock and Sniff" Not Permitted

The use of knowledge of suspicious activity cannot be used as a pretext to go beyond the implied licence to knock.^[4]

↑ R v Evans, 1996 CanLII 248 (SSC), [1996] 1 SCR 8
R v Parr, 2016 BCCA 99 (CanLII), 334 CCC (3d) 131, per Fitch JA, at para 2
↑ Parr, ibid., at para 2
↑ R v Sulyk, 1999 CanLII 13919 (SK PC), per Whelan J, at para 4
R v Meier, 2009 SKPC 30 (CanLII), 186 CRR (2d) 27, per Morgan J, at para 23
↑ e.g. R v Tran, 2013 ABQB 188 (CanLII), per Yamauchi J

Requirements

Sections 529 and 529.3 of the Code were added to address the requirements for a "Feeney" Warrant.^[1]

Section 529 states:

Including authorization to enter in warrant of arrest

529 (1) A warrant to arrest or apprehend a person issued by a judge or justice under this or any other Act of Parliament may authorize a peace officer, subject to subsection (2) [execution of warrant to enter residence to arrest], to enter a dwelling-house described in the warrant for the purpose of arresting or apprehending the person if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath in writing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is or will be present in the dwelling-house.

Execution

(2) An authorization to enter a dwelling-house granted under subsection (1) [including authorization to enter in warrant of arrest] is subject to the condition that the peace officer may not enter the dwelling-house unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house, reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested or apprehended is present in the dwelling-house.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 529; 1994, c. 44, s. 52; 1997, c. 39, s. 2.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 529 (1) and (2)

Defined terms: "justice" (s. 2)

Warrant to enter dwelling-house

529.1 A judge or justice may issue a warrant in Form 7.1 [forms] authorizing a peace officer to enter a dwelling-house described in the warrant for the purpose of arresting or apprehending a person identified or identifiable by the warrant if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is or will be present in the dwelling-house and that

(a) a warrant referred to in this or any other Act of Parliament to arrest or apprehend the person is in force anywhere in Canada;

(b) grounds exist to arrest the person without warrant under paragraph 495(1)(a) or (b) [warrantless arrest power] or section 672.91 [arrest without warrant for contravention of disposition]; or

(c) grounds exist to arrest or apprehend without warrant the person under an Act of Parliament, other than this Act.

1997, c. 39, s. 2; 2002, c. 13, s. 23.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 529.1

Reasonable terms and conditions

529.2 Subject to section 529.4 [executing a warrant to enter a residence of arrest^[2]], the judge or justice shall include in a warrant referred to in section 529 [entry into residence to arrest^[3]] or 529.1 [entry into residence to arrest^[4]] any terms and conditions that the judge or justice considers advisable to ensure that the entry into the dwelling-house is reasonable in the circumstances.
1997, c. 39, s. 2.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 529.2

Authority to enter dwelling without warrant

529.3 (1) Without limiting or restricting any power a peace officer may have to enter a dwelling-house under this or any other Act or law, the peace officer may enter the dwelling-house for the purpose of arresting or apprehending a person, without a warrant referred to in section 529 [entry into residence to arrest^[5]] or 529.1 [entry into residence to arrest^[6]] authorizing the entry, if the peace officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is present in the dwelling-house, and the conditions for obtaining a warrant under section 529.1 [entry into residence to arrest^[7]] exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would be impracticable to obtain a warrant.

Exigent circumstances

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) [authority to enter dwelling without warrant], exigent circumstances include circumstances in which the peace officer

(a) has reasonable grounds to suspect that entry into the dwelling-house is necessary to prevent imminent bodily harm or death to any person; or

(b) has reasonable grounds to believe that evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence is present in the dwelling-house and that entry into the dwelling-house is necessary to prevent the imminent loss or imminent destruction of the evidence.

1997, c. 39, s. 2.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 529.3 (1) and (2)

Section 529.4 permits the judge authorizing a dwelling-house entry under s. 529 or 529.1, to omit to announce their presence before entry.

Section 529.5 permits the officer to apply for an entry warrant by telewarrant.^[8]

The warrant requirement for arrrests within "dwelling-house" do not include potentially public spaces such as building elevators.^[9]

↑ R v Neufeld, 2013 MBQB 46 (CanLII), 268 Man R (2d) 340, per Oliphant J, at para 56
↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
↑ See Telewarrants
↑ R v Webster, 2015 BCCA 286 (CanLII), 326 CCC (3d) 228, per Chiasson JA, at paras 79 to 85

Executing Warrant

Omitting announcement before entry

529.4 (1) A judge or justice who authorizes a peace officer to enter a dwelling-house under section 529 [entry into residence to arrest^[1]] or 529.1 [entry into residence to arrest^[2]], or any other judge or justice, may authorize the peace officer to enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would

(a) expose the peace officer or any other person to imminent bodily harm or death; or

(b) result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction of evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.

Execution of authorization

(2) An authorization under this section is subject to the condition that the peace officer may not enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement despite being authorized to do so unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house,

(a) reasonable grounds to suspect that prior announcement of the entry would expose the peace officer or any other person to imminent bodily harm or death; or

(b) reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction of evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.

Exception

(3) A peace officer who enters a dwelling-house without a warrant under section 529.3 [authority to enter dwelling without warrant] may not enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house,

(a) reasonable grounds to suspect that prior announcement of the entry would expose the peace officer or any other person to imminent bodily harm or death; or

(b) reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction of evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.

1997, c. 39, s. 2.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 529.4 (1), (2) and (3)

Defined terms: "justice" (s. 2)

Telewarrant

See also: Telewarrants

Means of telecommunication

529.5 An application for a warrant under section 529.1 [entry into residence to arrest] or an authorization under section 529 [entry into residence to arrest] or 529.4 [executing a warrant to enter a residence of arrest] may be submitted, and the warrant or authorization may be issued, by a means of telecommunication, and section 487.1 [telewarrants] applies for those purposes with any necessary modifications.
1997, c. 39, s. 2; 2022, c. 17, s. 34.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 529.5

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Fr:Entrée_sur_un_lieu_pour_exécuter_un_mandat_d%27arrêt]]
+{{Currency2|January|2017}}
 {{HeaderSearch}}
-<!--****-->
 ==General Principles==
 {{seealso|Search Incident to Arrest#Residences}}
 When a suspect is the subject of an arrest warrant and he is believed to be found in a dwelling-house, the peace officer must seek a judicial authorization to enter the dwelling using a "Feeney" Warrant.<ref>
-''R v Feeney'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1fr1w 1997 CanLII 342] (SCC), [1997] 2 SCR 13{{perSCC|Sopinka J}}{{atL|1fr1w|45}} (“generally a warrant is required to make an arrest in a dwelling house.")</ref>
+{{CanLIIRP|Feeney|1fr1w|1997 CanLII 342 (SCC)|[1997] 2 SCR 13}}{{perSCC-H|Sopinka J}}{{atL|1fr1w|45}} (“generally a warrant is required to make an arrest in a dwelling house.")</ref>
 A person has an increased privacy right in their home which prohibits warrantless entries even for the purpose of a lawful arrest<ref>
 {{ibid1|Feeney}}{{atsL|1fr1w|19| to 20}}</ref> or seizure of evidence.<ref>
-''R v Golub'', [http://canlii.ca/t/6hfp 1997 CanLII 6316] (ONCA){{perONCA|Doherty JA}}{{atL|6hfp|41}}</ref>
+{{CanLIIRP|Golub|6hfp|1997 CanLII 6316 (ON CA)|117 CCC (3d) 193}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}}{{atL|6hfp|41}}</ref>
 Any power to enter a dwelling-house to carry out an arrest under a Criminal Code offence will equally apply to warrants under other federal Acts.<ref>
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 A warrantless entry into a home is presumed unlawful.<ref>
-''R v Silveira'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1frk8 1995 CanLII 89] (SCC), [1995] 2 SCR 297{{perSCC|Cory J}}{{atL|1frk8|162}}<br>
+{{CanLIIRP|Silveira|1frk8|1995 CanLII 89 (SCC)|[1995] 2 SCR 297}}{{perSCC|Cory J}}{{atL|1frk8|162}}<br>
 </ref>
@@ Line 20: / Line 22: @@
 ===Implied Invitation to Knock===
 A peace officer is granted an implied licence by all residents to approach a residence, enter upon the property for the purpose of "knocking" at a door for the purpose of facilitating communication with occupant.<ref>
-''R v Evans'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1frf4 1996 CanLII 248] (SC){{Plurality}}<br>
+{{CanLIIRP|Evans|1frf4|1996 CanLII 248 (SSC)|[1996] 1 SCR 8}}{{Plurality}}<br>
-''R v Parr'', [http://canlii.ca/t/gnm28 2016 BCCA 99] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Fitch JA}}{{atL|gnm28|2}}<br>
+{{CanLIIRP|Parr|gnm28|2016 BCCA 99 (CanLII)|334 CCC (3d) 131}}{{perBCCA|Fitch JA}}{{atL|gnm28|2}}<br>
 </ref>
 Occupants are deemed to have waived their privacy rights for the purpose on "facilitating communication" only and where the purpose goes beyond that it will be impermissible.<ref>
@@ Line 28: / Line 30: @@
 Where a peace officer speaks to an occupant at the door who could be subject to arrest, the occupant is entitled to refuse to leave his residence and require police to get a "Feeney" warrant.<ref>
-''R v Sulyk'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1nqsx 1999 CanLII 13919] (SKPC){{perSKPC|Whelan J}}{{atL|1nqsx|4}}<br>
+{{CanLIIRx|Sulyk|1nqsx|1999 CanLII 13919 (SK PC)}}{{perSKPC|Whelan J}}{{atL|1nqsx|4}}<br>
-''R v Meier'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22pqk 2009 SKPC 30] (CanLII){{perSKPC|Morgan J}}{{atL|22pqk|23}}<br>
+{{CanLIIRP|Meier|22pqk|2009 SKPC 30 (CanLII)|186 CRR (2d) 27}}{{perSKPC|Morgan J}}{{atL|22pqk|23}}<br>
 </ref>
 ; "Knock and Sniff" Not Permitted
 The use of knowledge of suspicious activity cannot be used as a pretext to go beyond the implied licence to knock.<ref>
-e.g. {{CanLIIR|Tran|fx448|2013 ABQB 188}}{{perABQB|Yamauchi J}}
+e.g. {{CanLIIRx|Tran|fx448|2013 ABQB 188 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Yamauchi J}}
 </ref>
@@ Line 41: / Line 43: @@
 ==Requirements==
 Sections 529 and 529.3 of the Code were added to address the requirements for a "Feeney" Warrant.<ref>
-''R v Neufeld'', [http://canlii.ca/t/fwdxl 2013 MBQB 46] (CanLII){{perMBQB|Oliphant J}}{{atL|fwdxl|56}}</ref>
+{{CanLIIRP|Neufeld|fwdxl|2013 MBQB 46 (CanLII)|268 Man R (2d) 340}}{{perMBQB|Oliphant J}}{{atL|fwdxl|56}}</ref>
 Section 529 states:
-{{quotation|
+{{quotation3|
 ; Including authorization to enter in warrant of arrest
-. (1) A warrant to arrest or apprehend a person issued by a judge or justice under this or any other Act of Parliament may authorize a peace officer, subject to subsection (2), to enter a dwelling-house described in the warrant for the purpose of arresting or apprehending the person if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath in writing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is or will be present in the dwelling-house.
+(1) A warrant to arrest or apprehend a person issued by a judge or justice under this or any other Act of Parliament may authorize a peace officer, subject to subsection (2) {{AnnSec5|529(2)}}, to enter a dwelling-house described in the warrant for the purpose of arresting or apprehending the person if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath in writing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is or will be present in the dwelling-house.
 <br>
 ; Execution
-(2) An authorization to enter a dwelling-house granted under subsection (1) is subject to the condition that the peace officer may not enter the dwelling-house unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house, reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested or apprehended is present in the dwelling-house.
+(2) An authorization to enter a dwelling-house granted under subsection (1) {{AnnSec5|529(1)}} is subject to the condition that the peace officer may not enter the dwelling-house unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house, reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested or apprehended is present in the dwelling-house.
 <br>
-R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 529; {{LegHistory90s|1994, c. 44}}, s. 52; {{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.
+R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 529;
-|[{{CCCSec|529}} CCC]
+{{LegHistory90s|1994, c. 44}}, s. 52;
+{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.
+|{{CCCSec2|529}}
+|{{NoteUp|529|1|2}}
+|{{Terms-
+|"justice" (s. 2)
+}}
 }}
-{{quotation|
+{{quotation2|
 ; Warrant to enter dwelling-house
 .1 A judge or justice may issue a warrant in Form 7.1 {{AnnSec|Form 7.1}} authorizing a peace officer to enter a dwelling-house described in the warrant for the purpose of arresting or apprehending a person identified or identifiable by the warrant if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is or will be present in the dwelling-house and that
 :(a) a warrant referred to in this or any other Act of Parliament to arrest or apprehend the person is in force anywhere in Canada;
-:(b) grounds exist to arrest the person without warrant under paragraph 495(1)(a) or (b) {{AnnSec|495(1)}} or section 672.91 {{AnnSec|672.91}}; or
+:(b) grounds exist to arrest the person without warrant under paragraph 495(1)(a) or (b) {{AnnSec4|495(1)}} or section 672.91 {{AnnSec6|672.91}}; or
 :(c) grounds exist to arrest or apprehend without warrant the person under an Act of Parliament, other than this Act.
 {{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2;
-{{LegHistory00s|2002, c. 13}}, s. 23.{{Annotation}}
+{{LegHistory00s|2002, c. 13}}, s. 23.
-|[{{CCCSec|529.1}} CCC]
+{{Annotation}}
+|{{CCCSec2|529.1}}
+|{{NoteUp|529.1}}
 }}
-{{quotation|
+{{quotation2|
 ; Reasonable terms and conditions
-.2 Subject to section 529.4 {{AnnSec|529.4A}}, the judge or justice shall include in a warrant referred to in section 529 {{AnnSec|529A}} or 529.1 {{AnnSec|529.1A}} any terms and conditions that the judge or justice considers advisable to ensure that the entry into the dwelling-house is reasonable in the circumstances.
+.2 Subject to section 529.4 {{AnnSec5|529.4A}}, the judge or justice shall include in a warrant referred to in section 529 {{AnnSec5|529A}} or 529.1 {{AnnSec5|529.1A}} any terms and conditions that the judge or justice considers advisable to ensure that the entry into the dwelling-house is reasonable in the circumstances.
 <br>
-{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.{{Annotation}}
+{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.
-|[{{CCCSec|529.2}} CCC]
+{{Annotation}}
+|{{CCCSec2|529.2}}
+|{{NoteUp|529.2}}
 }}
-{{quotation|
+{{quotation2|
 ; Authority to enter dwelling without warrant
-.3 (1) Without limiting or restricting any power a peace officer may have to enter a dwelling-house under this or any other Act or law, the peace officer may enter the dwelling-house for the purpose of arresting or apprehending a person, without a warrant referred to in section 529 {{AnnSec|529A}} or 529.1 {{AnnSec|529.1A}} authorizing the entry, if the peace officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is present in the dwelling-house, and the conditions for obtaining a warrant under section 529.1 {{AnnSec|529.1A}} exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would be impracticable to obtain a warrant.
+.3 (1) Without limiting or restricting any power a peace officer may have to enter a dwelling-house under this or any other Act or law, the peace officer may enter the dwelling-house for the purpose of arresting or apprehending a person, without a warrant referred to in section 529 {{AnnSec5|529A}} or 529.1 {{AnnSec5|529.1A}} authorizing the entry, if the peace officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is present in the dwelling-house, and the conditions for obtaining a warrant under section 529.1 {{AnnSec5|529.1A}} exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would be impracticable to obtain a warrant.
-<br>
+; Exigent circumstances
-(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), exigent circumstances include circumstances in which the peace officer
+(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) {{AnnSec5|529.3(1)}}, exigent circumstances include circumstances in which the peace officer
 :(a) has reasonable grounds to suspect that entry into the dwelling-house is necessary to prevent imminent bodily harm or death to any person; or
 :(b) has reasonable grounds to believe that evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence is present in the dwelling-house and that entry into the dwelling-house is necessary to prevent the imminent loss or imminent destruction of the evidence.
-...<br>
+{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.
-{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.{{Annotation}}
+{{Annotation}}
-|[{{CCCSec|529.3}} CCC]
+|{{CCCSec2|529.3}}
+|{{NoteUp|529.3|1|2}}
 }}
-Section 529.4 permits the judge authorizing a dwelling-house entry under s. 529 or 529.1, to omit announcing their presence before entry.
+Section 529.4 permits the judge authorizing a dwelling-house entry under s. 529 or 529.1, to omit to announce their presence before entry.
 Section 529.5 permits the officer to apply for an entry warrant by telewarrant.<ref>
@@ Line 95: / Line 108: @@
 The warrant requirement for arrrests within "dwelling-house" do not include potentially public spaces such as building elevators.<ref>
-''R v Webster'', [http://canlii.ca/t/gjn8s 2015 BCCA 286] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Chiasson JA}}{{atsL|gjn8s|79| to 85}}<br>
+{{CanLIIRP|Webster|gjn8s|2015 BCCA 286 (CanLII)|326 CCC (3d) 228}}{{perBCCA|Chiasson JA}}{{atsL|gjn8s|79| to 85}}<br>
 </ref>
@@ Line 101: / Line 114: @@
 ==Executing Warrant==
-{{quotation|
+{{quotation3|
 ; Omitting announcement before entry
-.4 (1) A judge or justice who authorizes a peace officer to enter a dwelling-house under section 529 {{AnnSec|529A}} or 529.1 {{AnnSec|529.1A}}, or any other judge or justice, may authorize the peace officer to enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would
+.4 (1) A judge or justice who authorizes a peace officer to enter a dwelling-house under section 529 {{AnnSec5|529A}} or 529.1 {{AnnSec5|529.1A}}, or any other judge or justice, may authorize the peace officer to enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement if the judge or justice is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would
 :(a) expose the peace officer or any other person to imminent bodily harm or death; or
 :(b) result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction of evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.
@@ Line 111: / Line 124: @@
 :(b) reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction of evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.
 ; Exception
-(3) A peace officer who enters a dwelling-house without a warrant under section 529.3 {{AnnSec|529.3}} may not enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house,
+(3) A peace officer who enters a dwelling-house without a warrant under section 529.3 {{AnnSec5|529.3}} may not enter the dwelling-house without prior announcement unless the peace officer has, immediately before entering the dwelling-house,
 :(a) reasonable grounds to suspect that prior announcement of the entry would expose the peace officer or any other person to imminent bodily harm or death; or
-:(b) reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction ofs evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.
+:(b) reasonable grounds to believe that prior announcement of the entry would result in the imminent loss or imminent destruction of evidence relating to the commission of an indictable offence.
-{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.{{Annotation}}
+{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.
-|[{{CCCSec|529.4}} CCC]
+{{Annotation}}
+|{{CCCSec2|529.4}}
+|{{NoteUp|529.4|1|2|3}}
+|{{terms-
+|"justice" (s. 2)
+}}
 }}
@@ Line 121: / Line 139: @@
 {{seealso|Telewarrants}}
-{{quotation|
+{{quotation3|
-; Telewarrant
+; Means of telecommunication
-.5 If a peace officer believes that it would be impracticable in the circumstances to appear personally before a judge or justice to make an application for a warrant under section 529.1 {{AnnSec|529.1A}} or an authorization under section 529 {{AnnSec|529A}} or 529.4 {{AnnSec|529.4A}}, the warrant or authorization may be issued on an information submitted by telephone or other means of telecommunication and, for that purpose, section 487.1 applies, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to the warrant or authorization.
+.5 An application for a warrant under section 529.1 {{AnnSec5|529.1}} or an authorization under section 529 {{AnnSec5|529}} or 529.4 {{AnnSec5|529.4}} may be submitted, and the warrant or authorization may be issued, by a means of telecommunication, and section 487.1 {{AnnSec4|487.1}} applies for those purposes with any necessary modifications.
-<br>
-{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2.
+{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 39}}, s. 2;
-|[{{CCCSec|529.5}} CCC]
+{{LegHistory20s|2022, c. 17}}, s. 34.
+{{Annotation}}
+|{{CCCSec2|529.5}}
+|{{NoteUp|529.5}}
+|
 }}
 ==See Also==
 * [[Warrant Arrests]]
+* [[Criminal_Code_Forms_(Form_6_to_30)#Form_7.1_-_Warrant_To_Enter_Dwelling-house|Form 7.1]]