Criminal Law Notebook

Gross Indecency (Offence) (Repealed): Difference between revisions

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{{HeaderHistory}}
{{Currency2|January|2024}}
{{HeaderRepealedOffences}}
{{HeaderRepealedOffences}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}}
{{OffenceBox
|OffenceTitle=Gross Indecency
|OffencePage=Gross Indecency
|Section=161
|Act={{OBCCC}}
|CrownElection={{OBIndictableElection}}
|Jurisdiction={{OBJurisdictionAll-Under14}}
|Bail={{OBBailAll}}
|IndictableDisp= {{OBDispAll}}
|IndictableMin= {{OBMinNone}}
|IndictableMax= {{OBTime|5 years}} }}


==Overview==
{{seealso|Indecent Assault (Offence) (Repealed)}}


==1985 Criminal Code==
; Pleadings
{{quotation1|
{{PleadingsHeader-N}}
{{PleadingsIndictableList-N|s. 161 [gross indecency] | {{Yes}} | {{Yes}} | {{No-Under14}} }}
{{PleadingsEnd}}
 
{{PleadingsIndictElection-Under14|s. 161 [gross indecency] }}
 
; Release
{{ReleaseHeader}}
|s. 161 [gross indecency] || {{ReleaseProfile-Indictable}}
|-
{{ReleaseEnd}}
 
{{ReleaseOptions-Indictable|s. 161 [gross indecency]}}
 
:''Fingerprints and Photos''
{{IDCriminalAct|s. 161 [gross indecency]}}
 
; Publication Bans
<!-- {{PubBanHeader}} <!-- Sections / Sexual Offence Pub Ban / Youth Victim or witness / Young Accused -->
<!--|s. 161 [gross indecency] || {{OKMark}}  || {{OKMark}} || {{OKMark}}  ||  {{OKMark}} (if jury eligible) ||{{OKMark}}  || {{XMark}}
|-
{{PubBanEnd}}-->
{{GeneralPubBan}}
 
{{SeeBelowForAncillary}}
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Offence Wording==
 
{{quotation2|
; Acts of gross indecency
; Acts of gross indecency
161. Every one who commits an act of gross indecency with another person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years. <br>
161. Every one who commits an act of gross indecency with another person is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years. <br>
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}}
}}


{{quotation1|
{{quotation2|
; Exception re acts in private between husband and wife or consenting adults
; Exception re acts in private between husband and wife or consenting adults
162 (1) Sections 160 and 161 do not apply to any act committed in private between
162 (1) Sections 160 and 161 do not apply to any act committed in private between
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The offence was repealed in 1987.
The offence was repealed in 1987.


; Gross Indecency
==Proof of the Offence==
 
{{ElementHeader}}
{{ElementLeft}}
 
{{Proving|gross indecency|161}}<Ref>
{{CanLIIR|Leroux|g1zjv|2013 SKQB 395 (CanLII)}} at para 72
</ref>
{{InitialElements}}
# {{box}} the culprit performed an act;
# {{box}} the act was with the complainant, either consensually or otherwise;
# {{box}} "the acts committed are a marked departure from decent conduct expected of the average Canadian in the circumstances which existed at the time and a crime against public morality which includes but is not limited to anal intercourse, fellatio and other homosexual acts between two male persons of any age, whether consenting or not."
 
{{ElementEnd}}
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Interpretation of the Offence==
; "Gross Indecency"
The term "gross indecency" was not defined within the Code.<ref>
The term "gross indecency" was not defined within the Code.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|G|2bc77|1982 CanLII 1304 (AB QB)}}{{perABQB|Moore ACJ}}
{{CanLIIRP|G|2bc77|1982 CanLII 1304 (AB QB)|70 CCC (2d) 24}}{{perABQB|Moore ACJ}}
</ref>
</ref>


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{{ibid1|G}}{{atL|2bc77|10}}<br>
{{ibid1|G}}{{atL|2bc77|10}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
However, certain acts are "inherently indecent" where the "circumstances surrounding the act is immaterial".<ref>
However, certain acts are "inherently indecent" where the "circumstances surrounding the act is immaterial."<ref>
{{ibid1|G}}{{atL|2bc77|9}}<br>
{{ibid1|G}}{{atL|2bc77|9}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


Gross indecency has been described as "marked departure from decent conduct expected of the average Canadian in the circumstances that existed".<ref>
Gross indecency has been described as "marked departure from decent conduct expected of the average Canadian in the circumstances that existed."<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Quesnel and Quesnel|gcxpg|1979 CanLII 2883 (ON CA)|, (1979), 51 CCC (2d) 270}}{{perONCA|Brooke JA}}{{atp|280}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Quesnel and Quesnel|gcxpg|1979 CanLII 2883 (ON CA)|51 CCC (2d) 270}}{{perONCA|Brooke JA}}{{atp|280}}<br>
{{CanLIIR|LeBeau|22kn3|1988 CanLII 3271 (ON CA)}}{{TheCourtONCA}}{{atL|22kn3|20}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|LeBeau|22kn3|1988 CanLII 3271 (ON CA)|41 CCC (3d) 163}}{{TheCourtONCA}}{{atL|22kn3|20}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
The standard is strictly objective and should not be considered subjectively.<ref>
The standard is strictly objective and should not be considered subjectively.<ref>
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More specifically, this has been applied where the accused masturbated in the presence of the victim.<ref>
More specifically, this has been applied where the accused masturbated in the presence of the victim.<ref>
e.g. {{ibid1|G}}<br>
e.g. {{ibid1|G}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Pinard and Maltais|gb305|1982 CanLII 3817 (QC CA)|, (1982), 5 CCC (3d) 460}}{{perQCCA|Monet JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Pinard and Maltais|gb305|1982 CanLII 3817 (QC CA)|5 CCC (3d) 460}}{{perQCCA|Monet JA}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
As well as fellatio.<ref>
As well as fellatio.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|White|htwwt|1975 CanLII 1263 (ON CA)| (1975), 25 CCC (2d) 172}}{{perONCA|Gale CJ}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|White|htwwt|1975 CanLII 1263 (ON CA)|25 CCC (2d) 172}}{{perONCA|Gale CJ}}<br>
</ref>
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Sentencing Principles and Ranges==
{{seealsoSentencing}}
{{seealsoSentencingSexual}}
 
===Sentencing Profile===
; Maximum Penalties
{{SProfileMaxHeader‎}}
{{SProfileMax|s. 161  | {{Indictable}} |{{Max5Years}}}}
{{SProfileEnd}}
 
{{MaxPenaltyIndictable|s. 161 |'''{{Max5Years}}'''|}}
 
; Minimum Penalties
{{NoMinimumPenalties}}
 
; Available Dispositions
{{SProfileAvailHeader}}
|s. 161  || any || {{SProfileAll}}
|-
{{SProfileEnd}}
{{AllDispositionsAvailable}}
 
; Consecutive Sentences
{{NoConsecutive}}
 
===Principles===
===Ranges===
{{seealsoRanges|Gross Indecency}}


</ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
==Ancillary Sentencing Orders==
{{seealso|Ancillary Orders}}
; Offence-specific Orders
{{AOrderHeader}}
| [[DNA Orders]]  ||s. 161  ||
** {{SecondDNA(CtoE)|s. 161 }}
|-
| [[Weapons Prohibition Orders]]  || s. 161  ||
** {{Section110|s. 161 }}
|-
| [[Delayed_Parole_Eligibility|Delayed Parole Order]] ||s. 161  ||
* {{ParoleDelayEligible|1|s. 161 }}
{{AOrderEnd}}
; General Sentencing Orders
{{GeneralSentencingOrders}}
; General Forfeiture Orders
{{GeneralForfeitureOrders}}


==1970 Criminal Code==
==History of Gross Indecency==
===1970 Criminal Code===


{{quotation1|
{{quotation1|
Line 99: Line 213:
}}
}}


==1968-69==
===1968-69===
Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-69, c. 38, s. 7, replaced s. 141 with s. 149A as follows:
Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-69, c. 38, s. 7, replaced s. 141 with s. 149A as follows:
{{quotation1|
{{quotation1|
Line 117: Line 231:


This provision remained in force from April 1, 1955 to July 14, 1971.<ref>
This provision remained in force from April 1, 1955 to July 14, 1971.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|McGrory|j14kd|2019 ONSC 3776 (CanLII)}}{{atL|j14kd|18}}
{{CanLIIRx|McGrory|j14kd|2019 ONSC 3776 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|O'Bonsawin J}}{{atL|j14kd|18}}
</ref>
</ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


==1953-1954 Criminal Code==
===1953-1954 Criminal Code===
{{quotation1|
{{quotation1|
; Acts of gross indecency
; Acts of gross indecency
Line 129: Line 243:
}}
}}


==Criminal Code, 1927==
===Criminal Code, 1927===


{{quotation1|
{{quotation1|
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}}
}}


==Criminal Code, 1906==
===Criminal Code, 1906===
{{quotation1|
{{quotation1|
; Acts of gross indecency.
; Acts of gross indecency.
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}}
}}


==Criminal Code, 1892==
===Criminal Code, 1892===
{{quotation1|
{{quotation1|
; Acts of gross indecency.
; Acts of gross indecency.
Retrieved from "https://criminalnotebook.ca/index.php/Gross_Indecency_(Offence)_(Repealed)"