Laying of an Information: Difference between revisions

m Text replacement - ", \([0-9]{4}\), ([0-9]+) CCC" to ", $1 CCC"
 
(37 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[fr:Dépôt_d%27une_dénonciation]]
{{Currency2|January|2022}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderCharges}}
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderCharges}}
{{HeaderRelease}}
{{HeaderRelease}}
Line 5: Line 7:


An information must be sworn by an officer who has formed [[Reasonable and Probable Grounds|reasonable and probable grounds]] to believe that the offence described had been committed by the accused.<ref>
An information must be sworn by an officer who has formed [[Reasonable and Probable Grounds|reasonable and probable grounds]] to believe that the offence described had been committed by the accused.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Awad|g2xmb|2014 NSSC 44 (CanLII)}}{{perNSSC|Edwards J}}
{{CanLIIRx|Awad|g2xmb|2014 NSSC 44 (CanLII)}}{{perNSSC|Edwards J}}
</ref>
</ref>
A failure to have the requisite grounds does not render the informations void ''ab initio''.<ref>
A failure to have the requisite grounds does not render the informations void ''ab initio''.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Whitmore|g9r2p|1987 CanLII 6783 (ON SC)| (1987), 41 CCC (3d) 555 (Ont. H.C.J.)}}{{perONSC|Ewaschuk J}} aff’d 51 CCC (3d) 294 (Ont. C.A.) <br>
{{CanLIIRP|Whitmore|g9r2p|1987 CanLII 6783 (ONSC)|41 CCC (3d) 555}}{{perONSC|Ewaschuk J}} aff’d 51 CCC (3d) 294 <br>
{{supra1|Awad}}{{atL|g2xmb|14}}</ref>
{{supra1|Awad}}{{atL|g2xmb|14}}</ref>


Charges can be laid before any justice within the province.<ref>
Charges can be laid before any justice within the province.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Ellis|23z3t|2009 ONCA 483 (CanLII)}}{{perONCA|Gillese JA}}
{{CanLIIRP|Ellis|23z3t|2009 ONCA 483 (CanLII)|244 CCC (3d) 438}}{{perONCA|Gillese JA}}
</ref>
</ref>


; Consequences of Laying an Information
; Consequences of Laying an Information
The swearing of information commences "criminal proceedings" against the accused.<ref>
The swearing of information commences "criminal proceedings" against the accused.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Awad|gg43m 2015 NSCA 10 (CanLII)}}{{perNSCA|Beveridge JA}}{{atL|gg43m|49}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Awad|gg43m|2015 NSCA 10 (CanLII)|1126 APR 116}}{{perNSCA|Beveridge JA}}{{atL|gg43m|49}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Pardo|gbcth|1990 CanLII 10957|, 62 CCC (3d) 371 (Que. C.A.)}}{{perQCCA|Gendreau JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Pardo|gbcth|1990 CanLII 10957|, 62 CCC (3d) 371}}{{perQCCA|Gendreau JA}}<br>
{{CanLIIR|McHale|29rrx|2010 ONCA 361 (CanLII)}}{{perONCA|Watt JA}}{{atL|29rrx|85}} ("Laying or receipt of an information commences criminal proceedings"<br>
{{CanLIIRP|McHale|29rrx|2010 ONCA 361 (CanLII)|256 CCC (3d) 26}}{{perONCA-H|Watt JA}}{{atL|29rrx|85}} ("Laying or receipt of an information commences criminal proceedings"<br>
</ref>
</ref>
The commencement of proceedings does not require the issuance of process.<Ref>
The commencement of proceedings does not require the issuance of process.<Ref>
{{CanLIIRC|Davidson v British Columbia (Attorney General)|1pr39|2006 BCCA 447 (CanLII)}}{{perBCCA|Levine JA}} (3:0)
{{CanLIIRPC|Davidson v British Columbia (Attorney General)|1pr39|2006 BCCA 447 (CanLII)|214 CCC (3d) 373}}{{perBCCA|Levine JA}} (3:0)
</ref>
</ref>


A person is not an "accused" until such time as the charges have been laid.<ref>
A person is not an "accused" until such time as the charges have been laid.<ref>
{{supra1|Pardo}} (“a person is an accused as of the laying of the information, which constitutes the beginning of the proceedings”)<br>
{{supra1|Pardo}} (“a person is an accused as of the laying of the information, which constitutes the beginning of the proceedings”)<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Campbell v Ontario (Attorney General)|g16rd|1987 CanLII 4333 (ON CA)|, (1987), 60 O.R. (2d) 617}}{{TheCourtONCA}}
{{CanLIIRP|Campbell v Ontario (Attorney General)|g16rd|1987 CanLII 4333 (ON CA)|60 OR (2d) 617}}{{TheCourtONCA}}
</ref>
</ref>


Line 36: Line 38:
506 An information laid under section 504 {{AnnSec5|504}} or 505 {{AnnSec5|505}} may be in Form 2 {{AnnSec|Form 2}}.<br>
506 An information laid under section 504 {{AnnSec5|504}} or 505 {{AnnSec5|505}} may be in Form 2 {{AnnSec|Form 2}}.<br>
R.S., c. 2(2nd Supp.), s. 5.{{Annotation}}
R.S., c. 2(2nd Supp.), s. 5.{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|506}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|506}}
|{{NoteUp|506}}
|{{NoteUp|506}}
}}
}}
Line 43: Line 45:


==Indictable Offences==
==Indictable Offences==
The two main routes for peace officers to lay an information for an indictable offence (including hybrid offences) start at s. 504 and 505. The main difference between the two options is based on whether the accused was subject to notice of charges. Under s. 504, an information is laid without the accused having any contact with police. Under s. 505 the accused is either arrested or given an appearance notice before an information is laid.  
The main power to lay an information is found in s. 504, the provisions found in s. 505 to 510 are procedural provisions relating to getting the accused before the court.<Ref>
{{CanLIIR|Kennedy|23m14|1983 CanLII 241 (BC CA)}}{{atL|23m14|11}} ("The provisions for laying an information are contained in s. 455 of the Code. Section 455.1 through to 455.6 contain procedural provisions for getting an accused person before the court.")
</ref>
 
A peace officer may lay an information for an indictable offence (including hybrid offences) either before giving notice to the accused or afterward (see s. 505).


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
===Laying an Information Under s. 504===
===Laying an Information Under s. 504===
{{seealso|Reasonable and Probable Grounds|Issuing Process}}
{{seealso|Reasonable and Probable Grounds|Issuing Process}}
Under s. 504, where an accused person is charged with an offence, the Information detailing the charge will be sworn by a peace officer. An officer may only swear an information on the basis of personal information or upon reasonable and probable grounds.<ref>
Under s. 504, where an accused person is charged with an offence, the Information detailing the charge will be sworn by a peace officer. An officer may only swear an information on the basis of personal information or upon reasonable and probable grounds.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Kamperman|gcm03|1981 CanLII 3159 (NS SC)| (1981), 48 NSR (2d) 317, 92 APR 317 (S.C.T.D)}}{{perNSSC|Glube J}}</ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Kamperman|gcm03|1981 CanLII 3159 (NS SC)|48 NSR (2d) 317, 92 APR 317 (S.C.T.D)}}{{perNSSC|Glube J}}</ref>


{{quotation2|
{{quotation3|
; In what cases justice may receive information
; In what cases justice may receive information
504. Any one who, on reasonable grounds, believes that a person has committed an indictable offence may lay an information in writing and under oath before a justice, and the justice shall receive the information, where it is alleged
504. Any one who, on reasonable grounds, believes that a person has committed an indictable offence may lay an information in writing and under oath before a justice, and the justice shall receive the information, where it is alleged
Line 65: Line 72:


R.S., c. C-34, s. 455; R.S., c. 2(2nd Supp.), s. 5.
R.S., c. C-34, s. 455; R.S., c. 2(2nd Supp.), s. 5.
|[{{CCCSec|504}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|504}}
|{{NoteUp|504}}
|{{NoteUp|504}}
|{{terms-
|[[Definition_of_Judicial_Officers_and_Offices#.22Justice.22|"justice" (s. 2)]]
|"person" (s. 2)
|"province" (s. 35 IA)
}}
}}
}}


Section 504 provides a preliminary "screen" of the case to only proceed where there is a ''prima facie'' case.<ref>
Section 504 provides a preliminary "screen" of the case to only proceed where there is a ''prima facie'' case.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Whitmore|gd16z|1989 CanLII 7229 (ON CA)|, (1989), 35 O.A.C. 373, 51 CCC (3d) 294 (Ont. C.A.)}}{{perONCA|Grange JA}} ("In any event, the duty of the justice of the peace is, first, to determine if the information is valid on its face and secondly, to determine whether it discloses or there is disclosed by the evidence a prima facie case of the offences alleged.")</ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Whitmore|gd16z|1989 CanLII 7229 (ON CA)|35 OAC 373, 51 CCC (3d) 294}}{{perONCA|Grange JA}} ("In any event, the duty of the justice of the peace is, first, to determine if the information is valid on its face and secondly, to determine whether it discloses or there is disclosed by the evidence a prima facie case of the offences alleged.")</ref>


The justice's function at this stage is "entirely ministerial or administrative."<ref>
The justice's function at this stage is "entirely ministerial or administrative."<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Lupyrypa|1zh2j|2008 ABQB 427 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Burrows J}}{{AtsL|1zh2j|48| to 49}}
{{CanLIIRP|Lupyrypa|1zh2j|2008 ABQB 427 (CanLII)|451 AR 245}}{{perABQB|Burrows J}}{{AtsL|1zh2j|48| to 49}}
</ref>
</ref>


The process set out in s. 504 is mandatory without any discretion, even in the case of private prosecutions.<ref>
The process set out in s. 504 is mandatory without any discretion, even in the case of private prosecutions.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Thorburn|2b1q4|2010 ABQB 390 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Marceau J}}{{AtsL|2b1q4|56|, 59}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Thorburn|2b1q4|2010 ABQB 390 (CanLII)|500 AR 1}}{{perABQB|Marceau J}}{{AtsL|2b1q4|56|, 59}}<br>
</ref>  
</ref>  
No additional steps, such as requiring leave before laying an information are permitted.<ref>
No additional steps, such as requiring leave before laying an information are permitted.<ref>
Line 88: Line 100:


Once an information is sworn and laid, there is no obligation on the part of police to seek a summons or arrest "immediately following" the laying of the information.<ref>
Once an information is sworn and laid, there is no obligation on the part of police to seek a summons or arrest "immediately following" the laying of the information.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Worme|gflgp|2014 SKQB 383 (CanLII)}}{{perSKQB|Zuk J}}{{atL|gflgp|33}}<br>
{{CanLIIRx|Worme|gflgp|2014 SKQB 383 (CanLII)}}{{perSKQB|Zuk J}}{{atL|gflgp|33}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


===Laying an Information Under s. 505===
===Timing of Laying an Information===
{{seealso|Issuing Process}}
{{seealso|Issuing Process}}
Section 505 addresses the timing in which the information should be laid before a justice. It states:   
Section 505 addresses the timing in which the information should be laid before a justice. It states:   
{{quotation2|
{{quotation2|
; Time within which information to be laid in certain cases
; Time within which information to be laid in certain cases
505 If an appearance notice has been issued to an accused under section 497 {{AnnSec4|497}}, or if an accused has been released from custody under section 498 {{AnnSec4|498}} or 503 {{AnnSec5|503}}, an information relating to the offence alleged to have been committed by the accused or relating to an included or other offence alleged to have been committed by them shall be laid before a justice as soon as practicable after the issuance or release, and in any event before the time stated in the appearance notice or undertaking for their attendance in court.
505 If an appearance notice has been issued to an accused under section 497 {{AnnSec4|497}}, or if an accused has been released from custody under section 498 {{AnnSec4|4987}} or 503 {{AnnSec5|503}}, an information relating to the offence alleged to have been committed by the accused or relating to an included or other offence alleged to have been committed by them shall be laid before a justice as soon as practicable after the issuance or release, and in any event before the time stated in the appearance notice or undertaking for their attendance in court.


R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 505;
2019, c. 25, s. 218.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|505}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|505}}
|{{NoteUp|505}}
|{{NoteUp|505}}
}}
}}
{{C75-fix}}


This provision allows for the accused to be given an appearance notice or released from custody prior to the laying of an information. It is however necessary that the information be laid "as soon as practicable".
; Breach of "as Soon as Practicable" Requirement
Where the peace officer fails to comply with 505 by laying an information after the first court appearance does not result in a lack of jurisdiction over the offence or invalidate the information. <ref>
Where the peace officer fails to comply with 505 by laying an information after the first court appearance does not result in a lack of jurisdiction over the offence or invalidate the information. <ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Markovic|1lr7q|2005 CanLII 36251|, OJ No 4286 (ON CA)}}{{perONCA|Cronk JA}}</ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Markovic|1lr7q|2005 CanLII 36251|OJ No 4286 (ON CA)}}{{perONCA|Cronk JA}}</ref>
 
There is no legal prohibition to an information being later than a "practicable" period of time after the service of a notice to appear.<REf>
{{CanLIIR|Hrankowski|fp5xs|1980 ABCA 196 (CanLII)|54 CCC (2d) 174, [1980] 5 W.W.R. 684, 22 A.R. 597}}{{perABCA-H|McGillivray CJ}} at pp. 180-1
</ref>
 
If the justice fails to determine whether to confirm the appearance notice in a "practicable" period fo time, it does not invalidate the information.<REf>
{{ibid1|Hrankowski}} at p. 181 ("If a Justice does not make a timely determination of whether an appearance notice should be confirmed or not, for the reason that the information is not put before him as soon as practicable, in my view, the information remains valid. As the accused here was before the Court, the fact that he might have ignored the appearance notice is, in my view, irrelevant.")
</ref>
 
If the time limitation is violated, the consequence is that the accused cannot be charged with failing to attend court as directed by the notice and there cannot be warrant issued.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Naylor|htxlk|1978 CanLII 2371 (ON CA)|42 CCC (2d) 12}}{{perONCA-H|Morden JA}} at p. 19 ("Are the time-limits in s. 455.1 mandatory? I think it is clear from the wording of the section that they are. If, therefore, the time-limits are not observed, and if the accused fails to appear pursuant to an appearance notice, promise to appear or recognizance, he cannot be charged with an offence under s. 133(5) [rep. & sub. 1974-75-76, c. 93, s. 7(1)]: ..., nor can a warrant be issued under s. 456.1(2)")
</ref>


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
Line 127: Line 155:
{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 18}}, s. 56.
{{LegHistory90s|1997, c. 18}}, s. 56.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|508.1}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|508.1}}
|{{NoteUp|508.1|1|2}}
|{{NoteUp|508.1|1|2}}
}}
}}
Line 149: Line 177:
R.S., c. C-34, s. 723.
R.S., c. C-34, s. 723.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|788}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|788}}
|{{NoteUp|788|1|2}}
|{{NoteUp|788|1|2}}
}}
}}
Line 163: Line 191:
R.S., c. C-34, s. 724.
R.S., c. C-34, s. 724.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|789}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|789}}
|{{NoteUp|789|1|2}}
|{{NoteUp|789|1|2}}
}}
}}
Line 171: Line 199:
All summary offences can only be sworn less than 6 months after the date of the allegations. ([{{CCCSec|786}} s. 786(2)])
All summary offences can only be sworn less than 6 months after the date of the allegations. ([{{CCCSec|786}} s. 786(2)])


; Timing of Laying Information
Section 786(2) requires that the laying of an information for a summary offence must be within 12 months of the alleged offence.<ref>
see [[Crown Election#Summary Election Time Limitation]]
</ref>
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


==Replacement Informations==
==Replacement Informations==
{{quotation2|
{{quotation2|
523<br>...<br>
523<br>
; Where new information charging same offence
{{removed|(1)}}
(1.1) Where an accused, in respect of an offence with which he is charged, has not been taken into custody or is being detained or has been released from custody under or by virtue of any provision of this Part {{AnnSec|Part XVII}} and after the order for interim release or detention has been made, or the appearance notice, promise to appear, summons, undertaking or recognizance has been issued, given or entered into, a new information, charging the same offence or an included offence, is received, section 507 {{AnnSec5|507}} or 508 {{AnnSec5|508}}, as the case may be, does not apply in respect of the new information and the order for interim release or detention of the accused and the appearance notice, promise to appear, summons, undertaking or recognizance, if any, applies in respect of the new information.
; When new information is received
<br>...<br>
(1.1) If an accused is charged with an offence and a new information, charging the same offence or an included offence, is received while the accused is subject to an order for detention, release order, appearance notice, summons or undertaking, section 507 {{AnnSec5|507}} or 508 {{AnnSec5|508}}, as the case may be, does not apply in respect of the new information and the order for detention, release order, appearance notice, summons or undertaking applies in respect of the new information.
{{removed|(1.2), (2) and (3)}}
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 523;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 523;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 89;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 89;  
{{LegHistory10s|2011, c. 16}}, s. 2.
{{LegHistory10s|2011, c. 16}}, s. 2;
2019, c. 25, s. 233.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|523}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|523}}
|{{NoteUp|523|1.1}}
|{{NoteUp|523|1.1}}
}}
}}


Under s. 524(1.1) a court has "jurisdiction to receive and proceed on a relaid information nothwithstanding that the process has not been issued no that information".<ref>
Under s. 524(1.1) a court has "jurisdiction to receive and proceed on a relaid information nothwithstanding that the process has not been issued no that information."<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Brar|1sjlh|2007 ONCJ 359 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Cowan J}}{{atL|1sjlh|8}}<br>
{{CanLIIRx|Brar|1sjlh|2007 ONCJ 359 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Cowan J}}{{atL|1sjlh|8}}<br>
{{CanLIIRC|Re McCarthy and The Queen|1f7qx|1998 CanLII 5749 (BC SC)|, 131 CCC (3d) 102}}{{perBCSC|Melnick J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRPC|Re McCarthy and The Queen|1f7qx|1998 CanLII 5749 (BC SC)|131 CCC (3d) 102}}{{perBCSC|Melnick J}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


; New Charges
; New Charges
Section 523(1.1) does not apply for new charges before the court that does not have process.<ref>
Section 523(1.1) does not apply for new charges before the court that does not have process.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Dougan|fvsf0|2012 YKSC 88 (CanLII)}}{{perYKSC|McIntyre J}}{{atL|fvsf0|19}}<br>
{{CanLIIRx|Dougan|fvsf0|2012 YKSC 88 (CanLII)}}{{perYKSC|McIntyre J}}{{atL|fvsf0|19}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
 
However, where the accused and a new information without process are both before the court, the court has jurisdiction to deal with the information.<ref>
Where the accused and a new information without process are both before the court, the court has jurisdiction to deal with the information.<ref>
{{supra1|Dougan}}{{atL|fvsf0|19}}<br>
{{supra1|Dougan}}{{atL|fvsf0|19}}<br>
{{supra1|McCarthy}}
{{supra1|McCarthy}}{{atsL|1f7qx|37| to 38}}
</ref>
</ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
Line 206: Line 242:
{{seealso|Direct Indictments}}
{{seealso|Direct Indictments}}
{{quotation2|
{{quotation2|
523<br>...<br>
523<br>
; When direct indictment is preferred charging same offence
{{removed|(1) and (1.1)}}
(1.2) When an accused, in respect of an offence with which the accused is charged, has not been taken into custody or is being detained or has been released from custody under or by virtue of any provision of this Part and after the order for interim release or detention has been made, or the appearance notice, promise to appear, summons, undertaking or recognizance has been issued, given or entered into, and an indictment is preferred under section 577 {{AnnSec5|577}} charging the same offence or an included offence, the order for interim release or detention of the accused and the appearance notice, promise to appear, summons, undertaking or recognizance, if any, applies in respect of the indictment.
; When direct indictment preferred
<br>...<br>
(1.2) If an accused is charged with an offence, and an indictment is preferred under section 577 {{AnnSec|577}} charging the same offence or an included offence while the accused is subject to an order for detention, release order, appearance notice, summons or undertaking, the order for detention, release order, appearance notice, summons or undertaking applies in respect of the indictment.
{{removed|(2) and (3)}}
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 523;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 523;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 89;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 89;  
{{LegHistory10s|2011, c. 16}}, s. 2.
{{LegHistory10s|2011, c. 16}}, s. 2;
2019, c. 25, s. 233.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|523}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|523}}
|{{NoteUp|523|1.2}}
|{{NoteUp|523|1.2}}
}}
}}
Line 226: Line 264:


{{quotation2|
{{quotation2|
523<br>...<br>
523<br>{{removed|(1), (1.1) and (1.2)}}
; Order vacating previous order for release or detention
; Order vacating previous order for release or detention
(2) Despite subsections (1) {{AnnSec5|523(1)}} to (1.2) {{AnnSec5|523(1.2)}},
(2) Despite subsections (1) {{AnnSec5|523(1)}} to (1.2) {{AnnSec5|523(1.2)}},
Line 232: Line 270:
:(b) the justice, on completion of the preliminary inquiry in relation to an offence for which an accused is ordered to stand trial, other than an offence listed in section 469 {{AnnSec4|469}}, or
:(b) the justice, on completion of the preliminary inquiry in relation to an offence for which an accused is ordered to stand trial, other than an offence listed in section 469 {{AnnSec4|469}}, or
:(c) with the consent of the prosecutor and the accused or, where the accused or the prosecutor applies to vacate an order that would otherwise apply pursuant to subsection (1.1) {{AnnSec5|523(1.1)}}, without such consent, at any time
:(c) with the consent of the prosecutor and the accused or, where the accused or the prosecutor applies to vacate an order that would otherwise apply pursuant to subsection (1.1) {{AnnSec5|523(1.1)}}, without such consent, at any time
::(i) where the accused is charged with an offence other than an offence listed in section 469 {{AnnSec4|469}}, the justice by whom an order was made under this Part or any other justice,
::(i) where the accused is charged with an offence other than an offence listed in section 469 {{AnnSec4|469}}, the justice by whom an order was made under this Part {{AnnSec|Part XVI}} or any other justice,
::(ii) where the accused is charged with an offence listed in section 469 {{AnnSec4|469}}, a judge of or a judge presiding in a superior court of criminal jurisdiction for the province, or
::(ii) where the accused is charged with an offence listed in section 469 {{AnnSec4|469}}, a judge of or a judge presiding in a superior court of criminal jurisdiction for the province, or
::(iii) the court, judge or justice before which or whom an accused is to be tried,
::(iii) the court, judge or justice before which or whom an accused is to be tried,
 
:may, on cause being shown, vacate any order previously made under this Part {{AnnSec|Part XVI}} for the interim release or detention of the accused and make any other order provided for in this Part {{AnnSec|Part XVI}} for the detention or release of the accused until his trial is completed that the court, judge or justice considers to be warranted.
may, on cause being shown, vacate any order previously made under this Part for the interim release or detention of the accused and make any other order provided for in this Part for the detention or release of the accused until his trial is completed that the court, judge or justice considers to be warranted.
<br>
<br>
; Provisions applicable to proceedings under subsection (2)
; Provisions applicable to proceedings under subsection (2)
Line 243: Line 280:
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 523;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. C-46}}, s. 523;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 89;  
R.S., {{LegHistory80s|1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.)}}, s. 89;  
{{LegHistory10s|2011, c. 16}}, s. 2.
{{LegHistory10s|2011, c. 16}}, s. 2;
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 233.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|523}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|523}}
|{{NoteUp|523|2|3}}
|{{NoteUp|523|2|3}}
}}
}}
Line 258: Line 296:
# if no consent, then "any time" so long as it is an order under (1.1) [ie. Replacement information] and the application is before any judge or justice (for a non 469 offence) ''or'', if it ''is'' a 469 offence, it must be before a superior court of criminal jurisdiction;
# if no consent, then "any time" so long as it is an order under (1.1) [ie. Replacement information] and the application is before any judge or justice (for a non 469 offence) ''or'', if it ''is'' a 469 offence, it must be before a superior court of criminal jurisdiction;


A judge should only interfere where there has been a "material change in circumstances".<ref>
A judge should only interfere where there has been a "material change in circumstances."<ref>
{{CanLIIR|McDonell|fr4cp|2012 ONSC 2567 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Hourigan J}}{{atL|fr4cp|17}}<br>
{{CanLIIRx|McDonell|fr4cp|2012 ONSC 2567 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Hourigan J}}{{atL|fr4cp|17}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


Merely being committed to trial after a preliminary inquiry does not amount to "cause".<ref>
Merely being committed to trial after a preliminary inquiry does not amount to "cause."<ref>
{{ibid1|McDonell}}{{atL|fr4cp|19}}<br>
{{ibid1|McDonell}}{{atL|fr4cp|19}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
Line 286: Line 324:
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 245.
{{LegHistory10s|2019, c. 25}}, s. 245.
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|543}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|543}}
|{{NoteUp|543|1|2}}
|{{NoteUp|543|1|2}}
}}
}}


==Confirming Attendance==
==Confirming Attendance==
Once the accused attends for the first time in court, the authority of the justice of the peace or peace officer is complete and only the judge may compel future attendance. The purpose of a promise to appear, summons, or any other tool to ensure attendance is to secure attendance for the first time. After the initial appearance the promise to appear is irrelevant.<ReF>{{CanLIIR|Oliveira|22qlw|2009 ONCA 219 (CanLII)}}{{perONCA|Doherty JA}} at 30<br></ref>
Once the accused attends for the first time in court, the authority of the justice of the peace or peace officer is complete and only the judge may compel future attendance. The purpose of a promise to appear, summons, or any other tool to ensure attendance is to secure attendance for the first time. After the initial appearance the promise to appear is irrelevant.<ReF>
{{CanLIIRP|Oliveira|22qlw|2009 ONCA 219 (CanLII)|243 CCC (3d) 217}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}} at 30<br>
</ref>


Whenever a judge had an information before him, he must comply with section 508. Section 508(b)(i) would appear to require that judges confirm that the notice, promise to appear or recognizance remains in effect and then endorse the information.<ref>
Whenever a judge had an information before him, he must comply with section 508. Section 508(b)(i) would appear to require that judges confirm that the notice, promise to appear or recognizance remains in effect and then endorse the information.<ref>
{{CanLIIR|Key|fpg80|2011 ONCJ 780 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Robertson J}} - detailed review of cases</ref>
{{CanLIIRx|Key|fpg80|2011 ONCJ 780 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Robertson J}} - detailed review of cases</ref>


However, case law has been divergent on the issue of whether the failure to confirm the order to return to court creates a nullity, invalidating the information. While there are a number of cases supporting the nullity effect on the lack of confirmation,<ref>
However, case law has been divergent on the issue of whether the failure to confirm the order to return to court creates a nullity, invalidating the information. While there are a number of cases supporting the nullity effect on the lack of confirmation,<ref>
eg. {{CanLIIR-N|Koshino|, [1991] OJ No 173 (Gen. Div.)}}<br>
eg. {{CanLIIR-N|Koshino|, [1991] OJ No 173 (Gen. Div.)}}<br>
{{CanLIIR-N|Sandoval|, [2000] OJ No 5591 (SCJ)}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR-N|Sandoval|, [2000] OJ No 5591 (SCJ)}}<br>  
{{CanLIIRP|Smith|1vmfj|2008 CanLII 3410 (ON SC)|, [2008] OJ No 381 (SCJ)}}{{perONSC|Belobaba J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Smith|1vmfj|2008 CanLII 3410 (ONSC)|[2008] OJ No 381 (SCJ)}}{{perONSC|Belobaba J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Pilieci|2bbf8|2010 ONSC 3606 (CanLII)| (2010), 257 CCC (3d) 541 (Ont. S.C.J.)}}{{perONSC|Lauwers J}}</ref> there is a growing line of cases that see it as having no effect on the validity of the charge.<ref>
{{CanLIIRP|Pilieci|2bbf8|2010 ONSC 3606 (CanLII)|257 CCC (3d) 541}}{{perONSC|Lauwers J}}</ref> there is a growing line of cases that see it as having no effect on the validity of the charge.<ref>
{{CanLIIR-N|Rennie|, [2004] OJ No 4990 (SCJ)}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR-N|Rennie|, [2004] OJ No 4990 (SCJ)}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR-N|Pavlick|, [2008] OJ No 2114 (SCJ)}}<br>
{{CanLIIR-N|Pavlick|, [2008] OJ No 2114 (SCJ)}}<br>
{{CanLIIR-N|Sullivan|, [2009] OJ No 5075 (SCJ)}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR-N|Sullivan|, [2009] OJ No 5075 (SCJ)}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR|Duran|fp8x2|2011 ONSC 7346 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Trotter J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Duran|fp8x2|2011 ONSC 7346 (CanLII)|285 CCC (3d) 46}}{{perONSC|Trotter J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRP|Morton|ggjx1|1992 CanLII 7818 (ON SC)|, 70 CCC (3d) 625 (Ont. Gen. Div.)}}{{perONSC|Then J}}, affirmed, 83 CCC (3d) 95 (Ont.C.A.), [http://canlii.ca/t/g197j 1993 CanLII 8575] (ON CA){{TheCourtONCA}}<br>  
{{CanLIIRP|Morton|ggjx1|1992 CanLII 7818 (ONSC)|70 CCC (3d) 625}}{{perONSC|Then J}}, affirmed, 83 CCC (3d) 95, [http://canlii.ca/t/g197j 1993 CanLII 8575] (ON CA){{TheCourtONCA}}<br>  
{{CanLIIR|Matykubov|2b8hl|2010 ONCJ 233 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Armstrong J}}<br>
{{CanLIIRx|Matykubov|2b8hl|2010 ONCJ 233 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Armstrong J}}<br>
See also {{CanLIIRP|Wetmore|hv0z3|1976 CanLII 1358 (NS CA)| (1976), 18 NSR (2d) 292 (NSCA)}}{{perNSCA|MacKeigan CJ}}<br> </ref>
See also {{CanLIIRP|Wetmore|hv0z3|1976 CanLII 1358 (NSCA)| (1976), 18 NSR (2d) 292 (NSCA)}}{{perNSCA|MacKeigan CJ}}<br> </ref>


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
===Confirming Attendance After Conviction and Before Sentencing===
===Confirming Attendance After Conviction and Before Sentencing===
{{quotation2|
{{quotation2|
732.2<br>...<br>
732.2<br>
{{removed|(1), (2), (3), (4) and (5)}}
; Compelling appearance of person bound
; Compelling appearance of person bound
(6) The provisions of Parts XVI {{AnnSec|Part XVI}} and XVIII {{AnnSec|Part XVIII}} with respect to compelling the appearance of an accused before a justice apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, to proceedings under subsections (3) {{AnnSec7|732.2(3)}} and (5) {{AnnSec7|732.2(5)}}.
(6) The provisions of Parts XVI {{AnnSec|Part XVI}} and XVIII {{AnnSec|Part XVIII}} with respect to compelling the appearance of an accused before a justice apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, to proceedings under subsections (3) {{AnnSec7|732.2(3)}} and (5) {{AnnSec7|732.2(5)}}.


{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6;  
{{LegHistory90s|1995, c. 22}}, s. 6;  
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 12(E).<br>
{{LegHistory00s|2004, c. 12}}, s. 12(E).
{{Annotation}}
{{Annotation}}
|[{{CCCSec|732.2}} CCC]
|{{CCCSec2|732.2}}
|{{NoteUp|732.2|6}}
|{{NoteUp|732.2|6}}
}}
}}