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| | [[Fr:Peines_minimales_obligatoires]] |
| | {{Currency2|July|2021}} |
| {{LevelOne}} | | {{LevelOne}} |
| {{HeaderAvailSent}} | | {{HeaderAvailSent}} |
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| {{seealso|Statutory Maximum Penalties}} | | {{seealso|Statutory Maximum Penalties}} |
| The Criminal Code give judges a wide range of sentencing options that are to be guided by the sentencing principles rather than constrained by sentencing grids and minimums as occurs in other countries.<ref> | | The Criminal Code give judges a wide range of sentencing options that are to be guided by the sentencing principles rather than constrained by sentencing grids and minimums as occurs in other countries.<ref> |
| {{CanLIIRP|Thurairajah|1vp4k|2008 ONCA 91 (CanLII)|229 CCC (3d) 331}}{{perONCA|Doherty JA}}{{atL|1vp4k|26}}<br> | | {{CanLIIRP|Thurairajah|1vp4k|2008 ONCA 91 (CanLII)|229 CCC (3d) 331}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}}{{atL|1vp4k|26}}<br> |
| </ref> | | </ref> |
| Judicial discretion is a "central feature of the sentencing process in Canada."<ref> | | Judicial discretion is a "central feature of the sentencing process in Canada."<ref> |
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| {{supra1|BCM}}{{atL|20rsc|56}}</ref> | | {{supra1|BCM}}{{atL|20rsc|56}}</ref> |
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| Raised minimums should not create a standard sentence to be "imposed on all but the very worst offender ... in the very worst circumstances".<ref> | | Raised minimums should not create a standard sentence to be "imposed on all but the very worst offender ... in the very worst circumstances."<ref> |
| {{supra1|Morrisey}}{{atL|525j|75}}<br> | | {{supra1|Morrisey}}{{atL|525j|75}}<br> |
| </ref> | | </ref> |
|
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| Minimums cannot be applied retrospectively.<ref> | | Minimums cannot be applied retrospectively.<ref> |
| {{CanLIIR|Serdyuk|frv4z|2012 ABCA 205 (CanLII)}}{{perABCA|Martin JA}} (2:1) | | {{CanLIIRP|Serdyuk|frv4z|2012 ABCA 205 (CanLII)|557 WAC 199}}{{perABCA|Martin JA}} (2:1) |
| </ref> | | </ref> |
|
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| ; Remand Credit | | ; Remand Credit |
| Section 719(3) permits taking into account remand credit to sentence, and can have the effect of bringing a sentence below the mandatory minimum penalty.<ref> | | Section 719(3) permits taking into account remand credit to sentence, and can have the effect of bringing a sentence below the mandatory minimum penalty.<ref> |
| {{CanLIIR|Wust|5266|2000 SCC 18 (CanLII)}}{{perSCC|Arbour J}}<br> | | {{CanLIIRP|Wust|5266|2000 SCC 18 (CanLII)|[2000] 1 SCR 455}}{{perSCC-H|Arbour J}}<br> |
| {{CanLIIR|Arrance|526b|2000 SCC 20 (CanLII)}}{{perSCC|Arbour J}}<br> | | {{CanLIIRP|Arrance|526b|2000 SCC 20 (CanLII)|[2000] 1 SCR 488}}{{perSCC-H|Arbour J}}<br> |
| {{CanLIIR|Arthurs|5268|2000 SCC 19 (CanLII)}}{{perSCC|Arbour J}}<br> | | {{CanLIIRP|Arthurs|5268|2000 SCC 19 (CanLII)|[2000] 1 SCR 481}}{{perSCC-H|Arbour J}}<br> |
| </ref> | | </ref> |
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| <br> | | <br> |
| {{LegHistory10s|2012, c. 1}}, s. 42. | | {{LegHistory10s|2012, c. 1}}, s. 42. |
| |[{{CDSASec|8}} CDSA] | | |{{CDSASec2|8}} |
| |{{NoteUpCDSA|8}} | | |{{NoteUpCDSA|8}} |
| }} | | }} |
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| {{seealso|Cruel and Unusual Punishment}} | | {{seealso|Cruel and Unusual Punishment}} |
|
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| Certain mandatory minimums have been assessed on the basis of cruel and unusual punishments:
| | * [[List of Mandatory Minimum Challenges]] |
|
| |
|
| {|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%"
| | ==Consequence of Unconstitutional Minimums== |
| |-
| |
| ! Offence !! Section !! Min Penalty !! Finding!! Cases
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Use of Firearm in Commission of an Offence (Offence)|Using firearm while committing an offence]]
| |
| |85(3)(a) || 1 year ||{{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Stephenson|j3hjf|2019 ABCA 453 (CanLII)|382 CCC (3d) 285}}{{TheCourtABCA}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Superales|j2nxl|2019 ONCA 792 (CanLII)|[2019] OJ No 5008}}{{TheCourtONCA}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Al-Isawi|h3ctl|2017 BCCA 163 (CanLII)|348 CCC (3d) 524}}{{perBCCA|Stromberg-Stein JA}}
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | [[Possession of a Restricted or Prohibited Firearm (Offence)|Possession of a restricted or prohibited firearm]]
| |
| | 95(2)(a)(ii) || 5 years ||{{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Nur|gh5ms|2015 SCC 15 (CanLII)}}{{perSCC|McLachlin CJ}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIR|Charles|g1t0w|2013 ONCA 681 (CanLII)}}{{perONCA|Cronk JA}}
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | [[Miscellaneous Firearms Offences#Possession of Weapon Obtained by Commission of Offence|Possession of weapon obtained by crime]]
| |
| | 96(2) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Robertson|j5ht3|2020 BCCA 65 (CanLII)}}{{perBCCA|Frankel JA}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Weapons Trafficking (Offence)|firearms trafficking]]
| |
| | 99(2) || 3 years ||{{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIR|Trepanier|gpr5j|2016 NBPC 2 (CanLII)}}{{perNBPC|Jackson J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Sexual Interference (Offence)|Sexual Interference]] (until 2015)
| |
| | 151(a) || 45 days ||{{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Lonegren|2bh6v|2010 BCSC 960 (CanLII)|260 CCC (3d) 367}}{{perBCSC|Barrow J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Craig|g1x7d|2013 BCSC 2098 (CanLII)|[2013] BCJ No 2518}}{{perBCSC|Bracken J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Sexual Interference (Offence)|Sexual Interference]] (prior to 2015)
| |
| | 151(a) || 45 days ||{{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|BJT|j2955|2019 ONCA 694 (CanLII)}}{{perONCA|Feldman JA}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Invitation to Sexual Touching (Offence)|Invitation to sexual touching]] (I)
| |
| | 152(a) || 1 year || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| |
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|EMQ|gg9kn|2015 BCSC 201 (CanLII)|329 CRR (2d) 29}}{{perBCSC|Pearlman J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Invitation to Sexual Touching (Offence)|Invitation to sexual touching]] (I)
| |
| | 152(a) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIRP|Scofield|hwx8q|2019 BCCA 3 (CanLII)|52 CR (7th) 379}}{{perBCCA|Harris J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Ford|hxwlv|2019 ABCA 87 (CanLII)|371 CCC (3d) 250}}{{perABCA|Martin JA}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Hood|hqjvd|2018 NSCA 18 (CanLII)|409 CRR (2d) 70}}{{perNSCA|Beveridge JA and MacDonald CJ}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|JED|hw72c|2018 MBCA 123 (CanLII)|368 CCC (3d) 212}}{{perMBCA|Mainella and LeMaistre JJA}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRPC|Caron-Barrette c R|j8z9d|2018 QCCA 516 (CanLII)|46 CR (7th) 400}}{{TheCourtQCCA}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|WG|hxmjq|2019 ONSC 1146 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Gray J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|HL|hqd9g|2018 ONSC 1026 (CanLII)|145 WCB (2d) 398}}{{perONSC|Harris J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|AW|hvhds|2018 CanLII 94529 (NLPC)}}{{perNLPC|Linehan J}}
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | [[Invitation to Sexual Touching (Offence)|Invitation to sexual touching]] (S)
| |
| | 152(b) || 90 days || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| |
| |
| {{CanLIIR|CBA|j8146|2020 BCPC 111 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|Frame J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|D(E)|j8fql|2020 CanLII 42688 (NLPC)}}{{perNLPC|Linehan J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Bisson|j20n3|2019 ONCJ 576 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Loignon J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Invitation to Sexual Touching (Offence)|Invitation to sexual touching]] (S)
| |
| | 152(b) || 90 days || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|CGJ|j5db0|2020 BCPC 26 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|McCarthy J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Pye|j01p1|2019 YKTC 21 (CanLII)}} per Ruddy J<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Drumonde|hxhjd|2019 ONSC 1005 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Schreck J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Child Pornography Sentencing|Making of child pornography]]
| |
| ||163.1(2) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Esposito|j5qfl|2020 ABQB 165 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Gates J}}{{atL|j5qfl|170}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIR|Joseph|jbp79|2020 ONCA 733 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtONCA}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Child Pornography Sentencing|Distribution of child pornography]]
| |
| |163.1(3) || 1 year || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIR|Schultz|21l96|2008 ABQB 679 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Topolniski J}} <br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Watts|gpgxc|2016 ABPC 57 (CanLII)}}{{perABPC|FK Macdonald J}}<Br>
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Child Pornography Sentencing|Distribution of child pornography]]
| |
| |163.1(3) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIR|Mollon|hz9cn|2019 BCSC 423 (CanLII)}}{{perBCSC|Crossin J}}<br>
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Possession of child pornography]] (S) (prior to 2015)
| |
| |163.1(4)(b) || 45 days || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Walker|h523c|2017 BCSC 1301 (CanLII)|386 CRR (2d) 222}}{{perBCSC|Brown J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Possession of child pornography]] (S)
| |
| |163.1(4)(b) || 6 months || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Leroux|jctcx|2021 QCCQ 202 (CanLII)}}{{perQCCQ|Cote J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIR|Redekopp|j5k2n|2020 BCPC 29 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|Morgan J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIR|Jenkins|jd9ks|2021 PESC 6 (CanLII)}}{{perPEISC|Cann J}}<Br>
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Possession of child pornography]] (S)
| |
| |163.1(4)(b) || 6 months || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Cantin-Fardet|jdhhv|2021 QCCQ 1056 (CanLII)}}{{perQCCQ|Magnan J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Nepon|jb6f9|2020 MBPC 48 (CanLII)}}{{perMBPC|Devine J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIR|Booth|j1k5v|2019 BCPC 160 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Zhang|hv93x|2018 ONCJ 646 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Bentley J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Swaby|hw0kh|2018 BCCA 416 (CanLII)|367 CCC (3d) 439}}{{perBCCA|Bennett JA}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Cole|jdgmn|2021 BCSC 293 (CanLII)}}{{perBCSC|Williams J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|John|htrb7|2018 ONCA 702 (CanLII)|366 CCC (3d) 136}}{{perONCA|Pardu JA}}<Br>
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Child Pornography (Offence)|Possession of child pornography]] (I)
| |
| |163.1(4) || 1 year|| {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Walker|jcxl5|2021 ONSC 837 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Bryne J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Hamlin|j4f81|2019 BCSC 2266 (CanLII)}}{{perBCSC|Winteringham J}}<Br>
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Accessing child pornography]] (S)
| |
| | 163.1(4.1) || 6 months || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Cvitko|jd2r9|2021 ABPC 52 (CanLII)}}{{perABPC|Saccomani J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Accessing child pornography]] (S)
| |
| | 163.1(4.1) || 6 months || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Doucette|jcpht|2021 ONSC 371 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Schreck J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Quested|j09sh|2019 BCPC 95 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|Higinbotham J}}<Br>
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Accessing child pornography]] (I)
| |
| | 163.1(4.1) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Walker|jcxl5|2021 ONSC 837 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Bryne J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Hamlin|j4f81|2019 BCSC 2266 (CanLII)}}{{perBCSC|Winteringham J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Hunt|j09gr|2019 CanLII 42426 (NL PC)}}{{perNLPC|Gorman J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Householder Permitting Sexual Activity (Offence)|Householder permitting sexual activity under 18]]
| |
| | 171 || || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional || {{CanLIIR|Johnson|hzs73|2019 ONCJ 224 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Konyer J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Making Sexually Explicit Materials Available to Child (Offence)|Making sexually explicit materials available]]
| |
| | 171.1(2)(a) || || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Allen|hpns1|2018 ONSC 252 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|DiTomaso J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Making Sexually Explicit Materials Available to Child (Offence)|Making sexually explicit materials available]]
| |
| | 171.1(2)(a) || || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIR|Koenig|hzzl9|2019 BCPC 83 (CanLII)}}{{perBCPC|Skilnik J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Making Sexually Explicit Materials Available to Child (Offence)|Making Sexually Explicit Materials Available to Child]]
| |
| | 171.1(2)(b)|| || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIR|Clarke|hwfcv|2018 CanLII 116038 (NL PC)}}{{perNLPC|Gorman J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Making Sexually Explicit Materials Available to Child (Offence)|Making Sexually Explicit Materials Available to Child]]
| |
| | 171.1(2)(b)|| || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| |{{CanLIIR|Demers|j8sz4|2020 QCCQ 2656 (CanLII)}}{{perQCCQ|Magnan J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Child Luring (Offence)|Luring a child]]
| |
| | 172.1(2)(a) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|CDR|j5dbn|2020 ONSC 645 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|De Sa J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIR|Melrose|jcwn2|2021 ABQB 73 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Renke J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |Agreeing to or arranging sexual offence against child
| |
| | 172.2(2)(a) || 1 year || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|CDR|j5dbn|2020 ONSC 645 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|De Sa J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Possession for the purpose of trafficking
| |
| | 100(3) || 1 year || Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Ayotte c R|j1gbd|2019 QCCA 1241 (CanLII)}}{{perQCCA|Gagnon JA}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Criminal negligence causing death (firearm)
| |
| | 220(a) || 4 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Morrisey|525j|2000 SCC 39 (CanLII)|[2000] 2 SCR 90}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Dockrill|gnj37|2016 NSSC 56 (CanLII)}}{{perNSSC|Arnold J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Manslaughter (Offence)|Manslaughter (with firearm)]]
| |
| | 236(a) || 4 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | R v Penner, 20217 BCSC 1688 (CanLII)<br>
| |
| R v Lacroix, 2016 QCCQ 402 (CanLII)
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempted murder]]
| |
| | 239(1)(a)(i) || 4 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Forcillo|hrqkb|2018 ONCA 402 (CanLII)|361 CCC (3d) 161}}{{TheCourtONCA}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempted murder]]
| |
| | 239(1)(a.1) || 4 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Ziegler|hp75j|2017 ABQB 411 (CanLII)}}{{perABQB|Renke J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Discharging a Firearm (Offence)|recklessly discharging a firearm]] (with a prohibited firearm or for a crim org) (without priors)
| |
| | 244.2(3)(a)(i) || 5 years ||{{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Abdullahi|g34s7|2014 ONSC 272 (CanLII)|OJ No 701}}{{perONSC|McWatt J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | (with a prohibited firearm or for a crim org) (with priors)
| |
| | 244.2(3)(a)(ii) || 7 years ||{{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Mohamed|gswlm|2016 ONCJ 492 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Wadden J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Discharging a Firearm (Offence)|recklessly discharging a firearm]] (other than prohibited firearm or crim org)
| |
| | 244.2(3)(b) || 4 years ||{{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Itturiligaq|j858k|2020 NUCA 6 (CanLII)}}<br> {{CanLIIR|Ookowt|j858l|2020 NUCA 5 (CanLII)}}{{perNUCA|Schutz JA}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Nungusuituq|hzz72|2019 NUCJ 6 (CanLII)}} per Charlesworth J
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual Assault CBH / Weapon (Under 16)]]
| |
| | 272(2)(a.2) || 5 years ||{{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Trottier|j7z3m|2020 QCCA 703 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtQCCA}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Trafficking in Persons (Offence)|trafficking in persons – no aggravated factors]]
| |
| |279.01(1)(b) || 4 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Antoine|j50wl|2020 ONSC 181 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Lemay J}} <Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRx|Jean|j4g39|2020 ONSC 624 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|R Smith J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Trafficking in Persons (Offence)]] ) [material benefit from trafficking, under 18]
| |
| |279.02(2) || 2 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Webber|j077r|2019 NSSC 147 (CanLII)}}{{perNSSC|Brothers J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Commodification of Sexual Services (Offence)]] [comm. to obtaining sexual services, under 18]
| |
| | 286.1(2)(a) || 6 months || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|CDR|j5dbn|2020 ONSC 645 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|De Sa J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Commodification of Sexual Services (Offence)]] [material benefit from sexual services, under 18]
| |
| |286.2(2) || 2 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Joseph|jbp79|2020 ONCA 733 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtONCA}}<br>
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Commodification of Sexual Services (Offence)]] [procuring into sex serv., under 18]
| |
| |286.3(2) || 5 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|JG|jd507|2021 ONSC 1095 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|Barnes J}}<Br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Safieh|ht3sg|2018 ONSC 4468 (CanLII)|142 OR (3d) 592}}{{perONSC|McKelvey J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Robbery (Offence)]] [robbery with non restricted firearm]
| |
| |344(1)(a)(i) || 5 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | R v McIntyre, 2019 ONCA 161 (CanLII)<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|McIvor|hr6pl|2018 MBCA 29 (CanLII)|407 CRR (2d) 255}}{{perMBCA|LeMaister J}}<br>
| |
| {{CanLIIRP|Stocker|h305s|2017 BCSC 542 (CanLII)|376 CRR (2d) 361}}{{perBCSC|Rogers J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Robbery (Offence)]] [robbery with non restricted firearm]
| |
| |344(1)(a)(i) || 5 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Hilbach|j9q9g|2020 ABCA 332 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtABCA}} (2:1)
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Robbery (Offence)]] [robbery with restricted firearm or for benefit of criminal organization]
| |
| |344(1)(a.1) || 4 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Hailemolokot|g2bj6|2013 MBQB 285 (CanLII)}}{{perMBQB|Simonsen J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Robbery (Offence)]] [robbery with restricted firearm or for benefit of criminal organization]
| |
| |344(1)(a.1) || 4 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Hilbach|9q9g|2020 ABCA 332 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtABCA}} (2:1)
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Robbery (Offence)]] [robbery with restricted firearm or for benefit of criminal organization]
| |
| |344(1)(a.1) || 4 years ||{{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Hilbach|j9q9g|2020 ABCA 332 (CanLII)}}{{TheCourtABCA}} (2:1)
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Extortion (Offence)]]
| |
| |346(1.1)(a.1) || 4 years || {{OKMark}} Constitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRx|Villeneuve|1r94r|2007 QCCQ 3748 (CanLII)}}{{perQCCQ|Lortie J}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | [[Drug Trafficking (Offence)|Drug Trafficking]]
| |
| | 5(3)(a)(i)(D) CDSA || ||{{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIR|Lloyd|g7ggx|2014 BCCA 224 (CanLII)}}{{perBCCA|Groberman JA}} upheld [http://canlii.ca/t/gpg9t 2016 SCC 13] (CanLII){{perSCC|McLachlin CJ}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | importation of controlled substances (Sch I)
| |
| | 5(1) NCA || 7 years || {{XMark}} Unconstitutional
| |
| | {{CanLIIRP|Smith (Edward Dewey)|1ftmr|1987 CanLII 64 (SCC)|[1987] 1 SCR 1045}}{{perSCC|Lamer J}}
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| The mandatory minimum of 90 days (summary) and 12 months (indictment) for [[Child Luring (Offence)|child luring]] was upheld as not cruel and unusual.<ref>
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| {{CanLIIR|Stapley|g6ld9|2014 ONCJ 184 (CanLII)}}{{perONCJ|Griffin J}}
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| </ref>
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ===Consequence of Unconstitutional Minimums===
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| Where a mandatory minimum was found unconstitutional, the removal of a minimum "does not operate to diminish the whole previously established sentencing pattern" proportionate to the previous minimum.<ref> | | Where a mandatory minimum was found unconstitutional, the removal of a minimum "does not operate to diminish the whole previously established sentencing pattern" proportionate to the previous minimum.<ref> |
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| </ref> | | </ref> |
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| However, elimination of minimums "permits the court to treat the less serious cases less seriously".<ref> | | However, elimination of minimums "permits the court to treat the less serious cases less seriously."<ref> |
| {{CanLIIRP|Saulnier|20ztc|1987 CanLII 2414 (BCCA)|21 BCLR (2d) 232}}{{perBCCA|Seaton JA}}{{atL|20ztc|6}}<br> | | {{CanLIIRP|Saulnier|20ztc|1987 CanLII 2414 (BCCA)|21 BCLR (2d) 232}}{{perBCCA|Seaton JA}}{{atL|20ztc|6}}<br> |
| </ref> | | </ref> |
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| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |