Weapons Offences (Sentencing): Difference between revisions
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{{ | [[fr:Infractions_liées_aux_armes_(détermination_de_la_peine)]] | ||
{{Currency2|November|2022}} | |||
{{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}} | {{LevelZero}}{{HeaderOffences}} | ||
==General Principles== | ==General Principles== | ||
===Firearms=== | ===Firearms=== | ||
A firearm always presents a "threat of death to those in its presence" | A firearm always presents a "threat of death to those in its presence."<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Hills|j8l7j|2020 ABCA 263 (CanLII)|2 WWR 31}}{{perABCA|Antonio}}{{atL|j8l7j|32}}<br> | {{CanLIIRP|Hills|j8l7j|2020 ABCA 263 (CanLII)|2 WWR 31}}{{perABCA|Antonio}}{{atL|j8l7j|32}}<br> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Morrisey|525j|2000 SCC 39 (CanLII)|[2000] 2 SCR 90}}{{perSCC|Gonthier J}}{{atL|525j|43}} | {{CanLIIRP|Morrisey|525j|2000 SCC 39 (CanLII)|[2000] 2 SCR 90}}{{perSCC|Gonthier J}}{{atL|525j|43}} | ||
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</ref> | </ref> | ||
Possession of a loaded firearm is inherently dangerous. Death and serious injury are only a "impulse and trigger pull away" | Possession of a loaded firearm is inherently dangerous. Death and serious injury are only a "impulse and trigger pull away."<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Chin|245mj|2009 ABCA 226 (CanLII)|[2009] AJ No 711 (CA)}}{{TheCourt}}<br> | {{CanLIIRP|Chin|245mj|2009 ABCA 226 (CanLII)|[2009] AJ No 711 (CA)}}{{TheCourt}}<br> | ||
see also {{CanLIIRP|Elliston|2dnmb|2010 ONSC 6492 (CanLII)|225 CRR (2d) 109}}{{perONSC|Aston J}}<br> | see also {{CanLIIRP|Elliston|2dnmb|2010 ONSC 6492 (CanLII)|225 CRR (2d) 109}}{{perONSC|Aston J}}<br> | ||
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Offences involving handguns is a “serious and growing societal danger”.<ref> | Offences involving handguns is a “serious and growing societal danger”.<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Clayton|1kt5v|2005 CanLII 16569 (ON CA)|194 CCC (3d) 289}}{{perONCA|Doherty JA}} at 41</ref> | {{CanLIIRP|Clayton|1kt5v|2005 CanLII 16569 (ON CA)|194 CCC (3d) 289}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}} at 41</ref> | ||
There is a strong emphasis on the need to denounce and deter the use of firearms in public places.<ref> | There is a strong emphasis on the need to denounce and deter the use of firearms in public places.<ref> | ||
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; Handguns | ; Handguns | ||
One distinctive feature of illegal handgun offences is that the guns are exclusively "used to kill people or threaten them with physical harm" | One distinctive feature of illegal handgun offences is that the guns are exclusively "used to kill people or threaten them with physical harm."<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Omar|hwf3c|2018 ONCA 975 (CanLII)|369 CCC (3d) 544}}{{perONCA|Brown JA}} (dissenting){{AtL|hwf3c|123}} SCC adopts opinion of Brown at {{CanLII|j0fm5|2019 SCC 32 (CanLII)}} | {{CanLIIRP|Omar|hwf3c|2018 ONCA 975 (CanLII)|369 CCC (3d) 544}}{{perONCA|Brown JA}} (dissenting){{AtL|hwf3c|123}} SCC adopts opinion of Brown at {{CanLII|j0fm5|2019 SCC 32 (CanLII)}} | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
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; Range of Conduct | ; Range of Conduct | ||
For firearms offences, such as those under s. 95, there is a broad spectrum of culpability, ranging from the "outlaw" who is “engaged in truly criminal conduct” and who "poses a real and immediate danger to the public" at one end. And at the other end the "law-abiding responsible gun owner...with readily accessible ammunition stored nearby" but possesses an illegal firearm.<Ref> | For firearms offences, such as those under s. 95, there is a broad spectrum of culpability, ranging from the "outlaw" who is “engaged in truly criminal conduct” and who "poses a real and immediate danger to the public" at one end. And at the other end the "law-abiding responsible gun owner...with readily accessible ammunition stored nearby" but possesses an illegal firearm.<Ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Nur|g22fg|2013 ONCA 677 (CanLII)|303 CCC (3d) 474}}{{perONCA|Doherty JA}}{{atL|g22fg|51}} | {{CanLIIRP|Nur|g22fg|2013 ONCA 677 (CanLII)|303 CCC (3d) 474}}{{perONCA-H|Doherty JA}}{{atL|g22fg|51}} | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
; Ontario Ranges | ; Ontario Ranges | ||
Ontario has set a range of 7 to 11 years for "serious firearm offences" | Ontario has set a range of 7 to 11 years for "serious firearm offences."<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Bellissimo|225g6|2009 ONCA 49 (CanLII)|OJ No 179}}{{TheCourtONCA}}{{atL|225g6|3}}<br> | {{CanLIIRP|Bellissimo|225g6|2009 ONCA 49 (CanLII)|OJ No 179}}{{TheCourtONCA}}{{atL|225g6|3}}<br> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Danvers|1lhd0|2005 CanLII 30044 (ON CA)|199 CCC (3d) 490}}{{perONCA|Armstrong JA}}<br> | {{CanLIIRP|Danvers|1lhd0|2005 CanLII 30044 (ON CA)|199 CCC (3d) 490}}{{perONCA|Armstrong JA}}<br> | ||
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; Judicial Notice of Increase in Gun Violence | ; Judicial Notice of Increase in Gun Violence | ||
There has been judicial notice that as of 2007 there has been a national increase in gun violence and gun-related offences.<ref> | There has been judicial notice that as of 2007 there has been a national increase in gun violence and gun-related offences.<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Clayton|1rxzv|2007 SCC 32 (CanLII)|[2007] 2 SCR 725}}{{perSCC|Abella J}}{{atL|1rxzv|110}}</ref> | {{CanLIIRP|Clayton|1rxzv|2007 SCC 32 (CanLII)|[2007] 2 SCR 725}}{{perSCC-H|Abella J}}{{atL|1rxzv|110}}</ref> | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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{{Annotation}} | {{Annotation}} | ||
| | |{{CCCSec2|84}} | ||
|{{NoteUp|84|5|6}} | |{{NoteUp|84|5|6}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Where an offender "is an outlaw who carries a loaded firearm as a tool of his or her trade, a penitentiary sentence of 3 or more years is generally appropriate"<ref> | Where an offender "is an outlaw who carries a loaded firearm as a tool of his or her trade, a penitentiary sentence of 3 or more years is generally appropriate"<ref> | ||
{{CanLIIRx|Shomonov|gs3s2|2016 ONSC 4015 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|McCombs J}}{{atL|gs3s2|12}}<br> | {{CanLIIRx|Shomonov|gs3s2|2016 ONSC 4015 (CanLII)}}{{perONSC|McCombs J}}{{atL|gs3s2|12}}<br> | ||
{{CanLIIRP|Nur|gh5ms|2015 SCC 15 (CanLII)|[2015] 1 SCR 773}}{{perSCC|McLachlin CJ}}{{AtL|gh5ms|82}}<br> | {{CanLIIRP|Nur|gh5ms|2015 SCC 15 (CanLII)|[2015] 1 SCR 773}}{{perSCC-H|McLachlin CJ}}{{AtL|gh5ms|82}}<br> | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||