Factors of Youth Sentencing: Difference between revisions

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More restrictive sentences are required where:<ref>
More restrictive sentences are required where:<ref>
R v RM, [http://canlii.ca/t/g6skz 2014 MBPC 18] (CanLII){{perMBPC| Corrin J}}, at para 62 -- see for overview of principles<br>
''R v RM'', [http://canlii.ca/t/g6skz 2014 MBPC 18] (CanLII){{perMBPC| Corrin J}}, at para 62 -- see for overview of principles<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* The manifestation of unnecessary violence<ref>
* The manifestation of unnecessary violence<ref>
R v CWW, [http://canlii.ca/t/1p0s5 2006 ABPC 191] (CanLII){{perABPC| Easton J}}, at paras 20, 44 and 403<br>
''R v CWW'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1p0s5 2006 ABPC 191] (CanLII){{perABPC| Easton J}}, at paras 20, 44 and 403<br>
R v MD, [http://canlii.ca/t/1z9qg 2008 ONCJ 310] (CanLII){{perONCJ| Finnestad J}}, at paras 47 and 77<br>  
''R v MD'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1z9qg 2008 ONCJ 310] (CanLII){{perONCJ| Finnestad J}}, at paras 47 and 77<br>  
R v Lights, [http://canlii.ca/t/1r850 2007 ONCJ 173] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Trotter J}}, at paras 49 and 75<br>
R v Lights, [http://canlii.ca/t/1r850 2007 ONCJ 173] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Trotter J}}, at paras 49 and 75<br>
R v Smith, [http://canlii.ca/t/22896 2009 NSCA 8] (CanLII){{perNSCA|Hamilton JA}}, at paras 40 and 41<br>
R v Smith, [http://canlii.ca/t/22896 2009 NSCA 8] (CanLII){{perNSCA|Hamilton JA}}, at paras 40 and 41<br>
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R v CWW{{supra}} at paras 20 and 44<br>  
R v CWW{{supra}} at paras 20 and 44<br>  
R v MD{{supra}} at para 47<br>
R v MD{{supra}} at para 47<br>
R v BCF, [http://canlii.ca/t/20q69 2008 SKPC 98] (CanLII){{perSKPC|Halliday J}}, at paras 29 and 79<br>
''R v BCF'', [http://canlii.ca/t/20q69 2008 SKPC 98] (CanLII){{perSKPC|Halliday J}}, at paras 29 and 79<br>
R v JSR, [http://canlii.ca/t/2382w 2009 CanLII 18884] (ON SC), 2009 O.J. No. 1662 (Ont. S.C.J.){{perONSC| Nordheimer J}} at paras 63 and 64<br>
''R v JSR'', [http://canlii.ca/t/2382w 2009 CanLII 18884] (ON SC), 2009 O.J. No. 1662 (Ont. S.C.J.){{perONSC| Nordheimer J}} at paras 63 and 64<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence is conducted without regard for the consequences of the offence<ref>
* Where the offence is conducted without regard for the consequences of the offence<ref>
R v DDP, [http://canlii.ca/t/1r1sv 2007 BCCA 206] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Saunders JA}} at paras 64 and 239<br>  
''R v DDP'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1r1sv 2007 BCCA 206] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Saunders JA}} at paras 64 and 239<br>  
R v MD{{supra}} at para 47<br>
R v MD{{supra}} at para 47<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence is part of a series of offences which have escalating violence and severity<ref>
* Where the offence is part of a series of offences which have escalating violence and severity<ref>
R v MD{{supra}} at paras 19 and 47<br>
R v MD{{supra}} at paras 19 and 47<br>
R v CRB, [http://canlii.ca/t/23nq3 2009 SKQB 176] (CanLII){{perSKQB|Acton J}}, at para 36<br>
''R v CRB'', [http://canlii.ca/t/23nq3 2009 SKQB 176] (CanLII){{perSKQB|Acton J}}, at para 36<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence was planned by the youth and involved an intent to harm.<ref>   
* Where the offence was planned by the youth and involved an intent to harm.<ref>   
R v BCF{{supra}}, at para 30<br>
R v BCF{{supra}}, at para 30<br>
R v SRB, [http://canlii.ca/t/22fh1 2009 ABCA 45] (CanLII){{TheCourt}} (2:1), at paras 12-16<br>
''R v SRB'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22fh1 2009 ABCA 45] (CanLII){{TheCourt}} (2:1), at paras 12-16<br>
</ref>
</ref>


A offence that occurs while being on bail is aggravating.<ref>
A offence that occurs while being on bail is aggravating.<ref>
R v BKTS, [http://canlii.ca/t/22wzt 2009 MBQB 56] (CanLII){{perMBQB|Beard J}}
''R v BKTS'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22wzt 2009 MBQB 56] (CanLII){{perMBQB|Beard J}}
</ref>
</ref>


The absence of a criminal record is mitigating.<ref>
The absence of a criminal record is mitigating.<ref>
R v AJD, [http://canlii.ca/t/22mvc 2009 NSSC 56] (CanLII){{perNSSC|A Boudreau J}}, at para 53<br>
''R v AJD'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22mvc 2009 NSSC 56] (CanLII){{perNSSC|A Boudreau J}}, at para 53<br>
</ref>
</ref>


The offender's responsibility will be reduced where the act occurs in unusual circumstances, out of character, or was the product of impulsivity.<ref>
The offender's responsibility will be reduced where the act occurs in unusual circumstances, out of character, or was the product of impulsivity.<ref>
R v TWT, [http://canlii.ca/t/20rxr 2008 ABCA 306] (CanLII){{TheCourt}}, at para 8<br>
''R v TWT'', [http://canlii.ca/t/20rxr 2008 ABCA 306] (CanLII){{TheCourt}}, at para 8<br>
R v AJD{{Supra}} at para 51<br>
R v AJD{{Supra}} at para 51<br>
</ref>
</ref>


The court must take into account the offender's relative low level of maturity, poor education, absence of adult guidance and history of disadvantage.<ref>
The court must take into account the offender's relative low level of maturity, poor education, absence of adult guidance and history of disadvantage.<ref>
R v CK, [http://canlii.ca/t/1p2zx 2006 ONCJ 283] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Duncan J}}, at paras 47 and 48<br>
''R v CK'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1p2zx 2006 ONCJ 283] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Duncan J}}, at paras 47 and 48<br>
R v P(DD){{supra}} at para 65<br>
R v P(DD){{supra}} at para 65<br>
R v TWT{{supra}} at para 8<br>
R v TWT{{supra}} at para 8<br>
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'''Remand Credit'''<br>
'''Remand Credit'''<br>
Section 38(3)(d) does not prevent the imposition of a maximum penalty despite the presence of reman credit.<ref>
Section 38(3)(d) does not prevent the imposition of a maximum penalty despite the presence of reman credit.<ref>
R v RRJ, [http://canlii.ca/t/273vr 2009 BCCA 580] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Frankel JA}}
''R v RRJ'', [http://canlii.ca/t/273vr 2009 BCCA 580] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Frankel JA}}
</ref>
</ref>


Revision as of 15:12, 12 January 2019

General Principle

See also: Principles and Purposes of Youth Sentencing, Sentencing Factors Relating to the Offence, and Sentencing Factors Relating to the Offender

38.
...
Factors to be considered
(3) In determining a youth sentence, the youth justice court shall take into account

(a) the degree of participation by the young person in the commission of the offence;
(b) the harm done to victims and whether it was intentional or reasonably foreseeable;
(c) any reparation made by the young person to the victim or the community;
(d) the time spent in detention by the young person as a result of the offence;
(e) the previous findings of guilt of the young person; and
(f) any other aggravating and mitigating circumstances related to the young person or the offence that are relevant to the purpose and principles set out in this section.

2002, c. 1, s. 38; 2012, c. 1, s. 172.


– YCJA

More restrictive sentences are required where:[1]

  • The manifestation of unnecessary violence[2]
  • Where they involved a violent offence committed to fulfill a desire to engage in violent behaviour[3]
  • Where the offence is associated with weapons[4]
  • Where the offence is conducted without regard for the consequences of the offence[5]
  • Where the offence is part of a series of offences which have escalating violence and severity[6]
  • Where the offence was planned by the youth and involved an intent to harm.[7]

A offence that occurs while being on bail is aggravating.[8]

The absence of a criminal record is mitigating.[9]

The offender's responsibility will be reduced where the act occurs in unusual circumstances, out of character, or was the product of impulsivity.[10]

The court must take into account the offender's relative low level of maturity, poor education, absence of adult guidance and history of disadvantage.[11]

Remand Credit
Section 38(3)(d) does not prevent the imposition of a maximum penalty despite the presence of reman credit.[12]

  1. ↑ R v RM, 2014 MBPC 18 (CanLII), per Corrin J, at para 62 -- see for overview of principles
  2. ↑ R v CWW, 2006 ABPC 191 (CanLII), per Easton J, at paras 20, 44 and 403
    R v MD, 2008 ONCJ 310 (CanLII), per Finnestad J, at paras 47 and 77
    R v Lights, 2007 ONCJ 173 (CanLII), per Trotter J, at paras 49 and 75
    R v Smith, 2009 NSCA 8 (CanLII), per Hamilton JA, at paras 40 and 41
  3. ↑ R v Smith, 2009 NSCA 8 (CanLII), per Hamilton JA, paras 40 and 41
  4. ↑ R v CWW, supra at paras 20 and 44
    R v MD, supra at para 47
    R v BCF, 2008 SKPC 98 (CanLII), per Halliday J, at paras 29 and 79
    R v JSR, 2009 CanLII 18884 (ON SC), 2009 O.J. No. 1662 (Ont. S.C.J.), per Nordheimer J at paras 63 and 64
  5. ↑ R v DDP, 2007 BCCA 206 (CanLII), per Saunders JA at paras 64 and 239
    R v MD, supra at para 47
  6. ↑ R v MD, supra at paras 19 and 47
    R v CRB, 2009 SKQB 176 (CanLII), per Acton J, at para 36
  7. ↑ R v BCF, supra, at para 30
    R v SRB, 2009 ABCA 45 (CanLII), per curiam (2:1), at paras 12-16
  8. ↑ R v BKTS, 2009 MBQB 56 (CanLII), per Beard J
  9. ↑ R v AJD, 2009 NSSC 56 (CanLII), per A Boudreau J, at para 53
  10. ↑ R v TWT, 2008 ABCA 306 (CanLII), per curiam, at para 8
    R v AJD, supra at para 51
  11. ↑ R v CK, 2006 ONCJ 283 (CanLII), per Duncan J, at paras 47 and 48
    R v P(DD), supra at para 65
    R v TWT, supra at para 8
  12. ↑ R v RRJ, 2009 BCCA 580 (CanLII), per Frankel JA

See Also

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