Factors of Youth Sentencing: Difference between revisions

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More restrictive sentences are required where:<ref>
More restrictive sentences are required where:<ref>
''R v RM'', [http://canlii.ca/t/g6skz 2014 MBPC 18] (CanLII){{perMBPC| Corrin J}}{{At|62}} -- see for overview of principles<br>
''R v RM'', [http://canlii.ca/t/g6skz 2014 MBPC 18] (CanLII){{perMBPC| Corrin J}}{{AtL|g6skz|62}} -- see for overview of principles<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* The manifestation of unnecessary violence<ref>
* The manifestation of unnecessary violence<ref>
''R v CWW'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1p0s5 2006 ABPC 191] (CanLII){{perABPC|Easton J}}{{Ats|20, 44 and 403}}<br>
''R v CWW'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1p0s5 2006 ABPC 191] (CanLII){{perABPC|Easton J}}{{Ats|20, 44 and 403}}<br>
''R v MD'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1z9qg 2008 ONCJ 310] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Finnestad J}}{{ats|47 and 77}}<br>  
''R v MD'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1z9qg 2008 ONCJ 310] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Finnestad J}}{{atsL|1z9qg|47|}} and {{atsL-np|1z9qg|77|}}<br>  
''R v Lights'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1r850 2007 ONCJ 173] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Trotter J}}{{Ats|49 and 75}}<br>
''R v Lights'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1r850 2007 ONCJ 173] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Trotter J}}{{AtsL|1r850|49|}} and {{atsL-np|1r850|75|}}<br>
''R v Smith'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22896 2009 NSCA 8] (CanLII){{perNSCA|Hamilton JA}}{{Ats|40 and 41}}<br>
''R v Smith'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22896 2009 NSCA 8] (CanLII){{perNSCA|Hamilton JA}}{{AtsL|22896|40| and 41}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where they involved a violent offence committed to fulfill a desire to engage in violent behaviour<ref>
* Where they involved a violent offence committed to fulfill a desire to engage in violent behaviour<ref>
{{ibid1|Smith}}{{Ats|40 and 41}}<br>
{{ibid1|Smith}}{{AtsL|22896|40| and 41}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence is associated with weapons<ref>
* Where the offence is associated with weapons<ref>
{{supra1|CWW}}{{Ats|20 and 44}}<br>  
{{supra1|CWW}}{{AtsL|1p0s5|20|}} and {{atsL-np|1p0s5|44|}}<br>  
{{supra1|MD}}{{at|47}}<br>
{{supra1|MD}}{{atL|1z9qg|47}}<br>
''R v BCF'', [http://canlii.ca/t/20q69 2008 SKPC 98] (CanLII){{perSKPC|Halliday J}}{{Ats|29 and 79}}<br>
''R v BCF'', [http://canlii.ca/t/20q69 2008 SKPC 98] (CanLII){{perSKPC|Halliday J}}{{AtsL|20q69|29|}} and {{atsL-np|20q69|79|}}<br>
''R v JSR'', [http://canlii.ca/t/2382w 2009 CanLII 18884] (ON SC), 2009 OJ No 1662 (Ont. S.C.J.){{perONSC|Nordheimer J}}{{ats|63 to 64}}<br>
''R v JSR'', [http://canlii.ca/t/2382w 2009 CanLII 18884] (ON SC), 2009 OJ No 1662 (Ont. S.C.J.){{perONSC|Nordheimer J}}{{atsL|2382w|63| to 64}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence is conducted without regard for the consequences of the offence<ref>
* Where the offence is conducted without regard for the consequences of the offence<ref>
''R v DDP'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1r1sv 2007 BCCA 206] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Saunders JA}}{{ats|64 and 239}}<br>  
''R v DDP'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1r1sv 2007 BCCA 206] (CanLII){{perBCCA|Saunders JA}}{{ats|64 and 239}}<br>  
{{supra1|MD}}{{at|47}}<br>
{{supra1|MD}}{{atL|1z9qg|47}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence is part of a series of offences which have escalating violence and severity<ref>
* Where the offence is part of a series of offences which have escalating violence and severity<ref>
{{supra1|MD}}{{ats|19 and 47}}<br>
{{supra1|MD}}{{ats|19 and 47}}<br>
''R v CRB'', [http://canlii.ca/t/23nq3 2009 SKQB 176] (CanLII){{perSKQB|Acton J}}{{at|36}}<br>
''R v CRB'', [http://canlii.ca/t/23nq3 2009 SKQB 176] (CanLII){{perSKQB|Acton J}}{{atL|23nq3|36}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>
* Where the offence was planned by the youth and involved an intent to harm.<ref>   
* Where the offence was planned by the youth and involved an intent to harm.<ref>   
{{supra1|BCF}}{{at|30}}<br>
{{supra1|BCF}}{{at|30}}<br>
''R v SRB'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22fh1 2009 ABCA 45] (CanLII){{TheCourtABCA}} (2:1){{ats|12 to 16}}<br>
''R v SRB'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22fh1 2009 ABCA 45] (CanLII){{TheCourtABCA}} (2:1){{atsL|22fh1|12| to 16}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


Line 53: Line 53:


The absence of a criminal record is mitigating.<ref>
The absence of a criminal record is mitigating.<ref>
''R v AJD'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22mvc 2009 NSSC 56] (CanLII){{perNSSC|A Boudreau J}}{{at|53}}<br>
''R v AJD'', [http://canlii.ca/t/22mvc 2009 NSSC 56] (CanLII){{perNSSC|A Boudreau J}}{{atL|22mvc|53}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


The offender's responsibility will be reduced where the act occurs in unusual circumstances, out of character, or was the product of impulsivity.<ref>
The offender's responsibility will be reduced where the act occurs in unusual circumstances, out of character, or was the product of impulsivity.<ref>
''R v TWT'', [http://canlii.ca/t/20rxr 2008 ABCA 306] (CanLII){{TheCourtABCA}}{{at|8}}<br>
''R v TWT'', [http://canlii.ca/t/20rxr 2008 ABCA 306] (CanLII){{TheCourtABCA}}{{atL|20rxr|8}}<br>
{{supra1|AJD}}{{at|51}}<br>
{{supra1|AJD}}{{at|51}}<br>
</ref>
</ref>


The court must take into account the offender's relative low level of maturity, poor education, absence of adult guidance and history of disadvantage.<ref>
The court must take into account the offender's relative low level of maturity, poor education, absence of adult guidance and history of disadvantage.<ref>
''R v CK'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1p2zx 2006 ONCJ 283] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Duncan J}}{{Ats|47 to 48}}<br>
''R v CK'', [http://canlii.ca/t/1p2zx 2006 ONCJ 283] (CanLII){{perONCJ|Duncan J}}{{AtsL|1p2zx|47| to 48}}<br>
{{supra1|DDP}}{{at|65}}<br>
{{supra1|DDP}}{{at|65}}<br>
{{supra1|TWT}}{{at|8}}<br>
{{supra1|TWT}}{{at|8}}<br>

Revision as of 23:19, 22 August 2019

General Principle

See also: Principles and Purposes of Youth Sentencing, Sentencing Factors Relating to the Offence, and Sentencing Factors Relating to the Offender

38.
...

Factors to be considered

(3) In determining a youth sentence, the youth justice court shall take into account

(a) the degree of participation by the young person in the commission of the offence;
(b) the harm done to victims and whether it was intentional or reasonably foreseeable;
(c) any reparation made by the young person to the victim or the community;
(d) the time spent in detention by the young person as a result of the offence;
(e) the previous findings of guilt of the young person; and
(f) any other aggravating and mitigating circumstances related to the young person or the offence that are relevant to the purpose and principles set out in this section.

2002, c. 1, s. 38; 2012, c. 1, s. 172.


– YCJA

More restrictive sentences are required where:[1]

  • The manifestation of unnecessary violence[2]
  • Where they involved a violent offence committed to fulfill a desire to engage in violent behaviour[3]
  • Where the offence is associated with weapons[4]
  • Where the offence is conducted without regard for the consequences of the offence[5]
  • Where the offence is part of a series of offences which have escalating violence and severity[6]
  • Where the offence was planned by the youth and involved an intent to harm.[7]

A offence that occurs while being on bail is aggravating.[8]

The absence of a criminal record is mitigating.[9]

The offender's responsibility will be reduced where the act occurs in unusual circumstances, out of character, or was the product of impulsivity.[10]

The court must take into account the offender's relative low level of maturity, poor education, absence of adult guidance and history of disadvantage.[11]

Remand Credit

Section 38(3)(d) does not prevent the imposition of a maximum penalty despite the presence of reman credit.[12]

  1. ↑ R v RM, 2014 MBPC 18 (CanLII), per Corrin J, at para 62 -- see for overview of principles
  2. ↑ R v CWW, 2006 ABPC 191 (CanLII), per Easton J, at paras 20, 44 and 403
    R v MD, 2008 ONCJ 310 (CanLII), per Finnestad J, at paras 47 and 77
    R v Lights, 2007 ONCJ 173 (CanLII), per Trotter J, at paras 49 and 75
    R v Smith, 2009 NSCA 8 (CanLII), per Hamilton JA, at paras 40 and 41
  3. ↑ Smith, ibid., at paras 40 and 41
  4. ↑ CWW, supra, at paras 20 and 44
    MD, supra, at para 47
    R v BCF, 2008 SKPC 98 (CanLII), per Halliday J, at paras 29 and 79
    R v JSR, 2009 CanLII 18884 (ON SC), 2009 OJ No 1662 (Ont. S.C.J.), per Nordheimer J, at paras 63 to 64
  5. ↑ R v DDP, 2007 BCCA 206 (CanLII), per Saunders JA, at paras 64 and 239
    MD, supra, at para 47
  6. ↑ MD, supra, at paras 19 and 47
    R v CRB, 2009 SKQB 176 (CanLII), per Acton J, at para 36
  7. ↑ BCF, supra, at para 30
    R v SRB, 2009 ABCA 45 (CanLII), per curiam (2:1), at paras 12 to 16
  8. ↑ R v BKTS, 2009 MBQB 56 (CanLII), per Beard J
  9. ↑ R v AJD, 2009 NSSC 56 (CanLII), per A Boudreau J, at para 53
  10. ↑ R v TWT, 2008 ABCA 306 (CanLII), per curiam, at para 8
    AJD, supra, at para 51
  11. ↑ R v CK, 2006 ONCJ 283 (CanLII), per Duncan J, at paras 47 to 48
    DDP, supra, at para 65
    TWT, supra, at para 8
  12. ↑ R v RRJ, 2009 BCCA 580 (CanLII), per Frankel JA

See Also

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