Inventory Searches: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:09, 9 May 2024

This page was last substantively updated or reviewed January 2020. (Rev. # 91795)

General Principles

See also: Ancillary Powers Doctrine

Certain provincial vehicle Acts permit an officer to conduct an inventory search of a vehicle that is being impounded.[1] This also applies where a vehicle is being seized due to being parked in an unsafe location.[2]

Rationale

The rationale for the power to do an inventory does not flow from the nature of the investigation but rather is based on the interests of:[3]

  • person who owns the property and wishes the police to safeguard the property while it is in police custody;
  • public safety who are concerned contraband being held by police or in authorized storage facilities;
  • police desire to protect against civil liability for loss or damage to property found in the vehicle.
Towing Vehicle

A decision on the part of police to have a vehicle towed does not necessarily always justify an inventory search.[4] The police should turn their mind to other options besides impounding the vehicle.[5]

Contents of Bags

The power to conduct inventory searches of vehicles may also permit the opening and examining of the contents of bags found within the vehicle.[6]

Inventory searches do not extent to situations where an officer is assisting a sheriff's officer in executing an eviction order, such that bags are opened for examination.[7]

Use of Evidence Discovered on Inventory Search

Where police are entitled to inventory the contents of a vehicle when impounded, the Crown may not be permitted to tender the fruits of the inventory search as it would not be "authorized by law."[8] However, some authority suggests a statutory power to impound includes a power to tender the fruits of search.[9]

  1. e.g. Highway Traffic Act (ON), s. 172
  2. R v Russell, 2017 BCPC 60 (CanLII), per Koturbash J - re s. 188 of BC Motor Vehicle Act
  3. R v Cooper, 2016 BCPC 259 (CanLII), per Cutler J, at para 16
    R v Wint, 2009 ONCA 52 (CanLII), 93 OR 514, per curiam
    R v Nicolosi, 1998 CanLII 2006 (ON CA), 127 CCC (3d) 176, per Doherty JA
    R v Ellis, 2013 ONSC 1494 (CanLII), 278 CRR (2d) 324, per Cambpell J
  4. R v Harflett, 2016 ONCA 248 (CanLII), 336 CCC (3d) 102, per Lauwers JA
  5. e.g. R v Martin2012 ONSC 2298(*no CanLII links)
  6. R v Wint, 2009 ONCA 52 (CanLII), 184 CRR (2d) 57 (leave to appeal to the SCC denied 2009 CanLII 31959), per curiam
  7. R v Stevens, 2011 ONCA 504 (CanLII), 274 CCC (3d) 353, per Armstrong JA
  8. R v Ahmed, 2019 SKCA 47 (CanLII), 10 WWR 99, per Barrington-Foote JA, at para 18("Mr. Ahmed had possession of the vehicle with the permission of the owner. As such, he had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the vehicle: ...")
    R v Nolet, 2010 SCC 24 (CanLII), [2010] 1 SCR 851, per Binnie J, at para 53
    R v Caslake, 1998 CanLII 838 (SCC), [1998] 1 SCR 51, per Lamer CJ, at para 30
  9. R v Russell, 2018 BCCA 330 (CanLII), 365 CCC (3d) 481, per D Smith JA
    R v Nicolosi, 1998 CanLII 2006 (ON CA), , 110 OAC 189 (CA), per Doherty JA
    Wint, supra

See Also