SOIRA Orders

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SOIRA Orders

The purpose of a SOIRA Order "is to help police investigate sexual offences by making available to them information provided by convicted sexual offenders required to register under the Act. This information may be of investigative assistance in the inculpation or elimination of various suspects."

The making of a SOIRA Order will depend on whether the designated offence is listed under s. 490.013 (a), (c), (c.1), (d) or (e) in which case it is mandatory. Where the designated offence is under para (b) or (f), then it will only be ordered where "prosecutor establishes beyond a reasonable doubt that the person committed the offence with the intent to commit an offence" listed under para (a), (c), (c.1), (d) or (e).

Section 490.012 grants judges the power to order an offender to comply with the SOIRA:

Order
490.012 (1) When a court imposes a sentence on a person for an offence referred to in paragraph (a), (c), (c.1), (d), (d.1) or (e) of the definition “designated offence” in subsection 490.011(1) or renders a verdict of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder for such an offence, it shall make an order in Form 52 requiring the person to comply with the Sex Offender Information Registration Act for the applicable period specified in section 490.013.
Order  — if intent established
(2) When a court imposes a sentence on a person for an offence referred to in paragraph (b) or (f) of the definition “designated offence” in subsection 490.011(1), it shall, on application of the prosecutor, make an order in Form 52 requiring the person to comply with the Sex Offender Information Registration Act for the applicable period specified in section 490.013 if the prosecutor establishes beyond a reasonable doubt that the person committed the offence with the intent to commit an offence referred to in paragraph (a), (c), (c.1), (d), (d.1) or (e) of that definition.
...
Failure to make order
(4) If the court does not consider the matter under subsection (1) or (3) at that time, the court

(a) shall, within 90 days after the day on which it imposes the sentence or renders the verdict, set a date for a hearing to do so;

(b) retains jurisdiction over the matter; and

(c) may require the person to appear by closed-circuit television or any other means that allows the court and the person to engage in simultaneous visual and oral communication, as long as the person is given the opportunity to communicate privately with counsel if they are represented by counsel.

2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2007, c. 5, s. 13; 2010, c. 17, s. 5; 2014, c. 25, s. 26.

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Effect of Amendments
The provisions regarding SOIRA within the Criminal Code are regulatory and are not intended to be punitive in nature. Consequently, the laws are retroactive to offences that occurred before any amendment and do not violate s. 11(i) of the Charter protecting against retroactive punishment.

Young Offenders

s. 490.011
...
Interpretation
(2) For the purpose of this section and sections 490.012 to 490.032, a person who is convicted of, or found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder for, a designated offence does not include a young person

(a) within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Youth Criminal Justice Act unless they are given an adult sentence within the meaning of that subsection for the offence; or

(b) within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Young Offenders Act, chapter Y-1 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, unless they are convicted of the offence in ordinary court within the meaning of that subsection.

2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2005, c. 43, s. 6; 2007, c. 5, s. 11; 2008, c. 6, s. 36; 2010, c. 3, s. 7, c. 17, s. 4; 2012, c. 1, ss. 31, 141; 2014, c. 25, s. 25.

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Constitutionality
There is some suggestion that the mandatory nature of SOIRA Orders violate s. 7 of the Charter for being grossly disproportionate to the aim of protecting the public.

Obligations of Registered Offenders

The Sex Offender Information Registration Act, SC 2004, c 10 requires that those registered to:

• report for the first time to a registration centre (SOIRA s. 4(1)) within 7 days after the making of the order or release from custody (if applicable).
  • reporting for the first time shall be in person (SOIRA s. 4(3)). They are not permitted to leave Canada until they have reported for the first time (SOIRA s. 4(4)).
• report within 7 days of changing primary or secondary residence or change their first name or family name (SOIRA s. 4.1(1))
  • reporting shall be in person unless the regulations permit exceptions
• upon reporting provide (SOIRA s. 5(1))
  • their given name and surname, and every alias that they use;
  • their date of birth and gender;
  • the address of their main residence and every secondary residence or, if there is no such address, the location of that place;
  • the address of every place at which they are employed or retained or are engaged on a volunteer basis — or, if there is no address, the location of that place — the name of their employer or the person who engages them on a volunteer basis or retains them and the type of work that they do there;
  • if applicable, their status as an officer or a non-commissioned member of the Canadian Forces within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the National Defence Act and the address and telephone number of their unit within the meaning of that subsection;
  • the address of every educational institution at which they are enrolled or, if there is no such address, the location of that place;
  • a telephone number at which they may be reached, if any, for every place referred to in paragraphs (c) and (d), and the number of every mobile telephone or pager in their possession;
  • their height and weight and a description of every physical distinguishing mark that they have; and
  • the licence plate number, make, model, body type, year of manufacture and colour of the motor vehicles that are registered in their name or that they use regularly.

Designated offences

The Order is generally to be granted for "designated offences" listed under section 490.011 (1), including:

s.490.011(1)(a) Offences

s.490.011(1)(b) Offences

SECTION (a) (i) subsection 7(4.1) (offence in relation to sexual offences against children), (ii) section 151 (sexual interference), (iii) section 152 (invitation to sexual touching), (iv) section 153 (sexual exploitation), (v) section 153.1 (sexual exploitation of person with disability), (vi) section 155 (incest), (vi.1) subsection 160(2) (compelling the commission of bestiality), (vii) subsection 160(3) (bestiality in presence of or by a child), (viii) section 163.1 (child pornography), (ix) section 170 (parent or guardian procuring sexual activity), (ix.1) section 171.1 (making sexually explicit material available to child), (x) section 172.1 (luring a child), (x.1) section 172.2 (agreement or arrangement — sexual offence against child), (xi) subsection 173(2) (exposure), (xii) to (xv) [Repealed, 2014, c. 25, s. 25] (xvi) section 271 (sexual assault), (xvii) section 272 (sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party or causing bodily harm), (xviii) paragraph 273(2)(a) (aggravated sexual assault — use of a restricted firearm or prohibited firearm or any firearm in connection with criminal organization), (xviii.1) paragraph 273(2)(a.1) (aggravated sexual assault — use of a firearm), (xix) paragraph 273(2)(b) (aggravated sexual assault), (xx) subsection 273.3(2) (removal of a child from Canada), (xxi) section 279.011 (trafficking  —  person under 18 years), (xxii) subsection 279.02(2) (material benefit  —  trafficking of person under 18 years), (xxiii) subsection 279.03(2) (withholding or destroying documents  —  trafficking of person under 18 years), (xxiv) subsection 286.1(2) (obtaining sexual services for consideration from person under 18 years), (xxv) subsection 286.2(2) (material benefit from sexual services provided by person under 18 years), and (xxvi) subsection 286.3(2) (procuring  — person under 18 years);

SECTION (b) (i) section 162 (voyeurism), (i.1) subsection 173(1) (indecent acts), (ii) section 177 (trespassing at night), (iii) section 230 (murder in commission of offences), (iii.1) section 231 (murder), (iv) section 234 (manslaughter), (v) paragraph 246(b) (overcoming resistance to commission of offence), (vi) section 264 (criminal harassment), (vii) section 279 (kidnapping), (vii.1) section 279.01 (trafficking in persons), (vii.11) subsection 279.02(1) (material benefit  —  trafficking), (vii.12) subsection 279.03(1) (withholding or destroying documents  —  trafficking), (viii) section 280 (abduction of a person under age of sixteen), (ix) section 281 (abduction of a person under age of fourteen), (ix.1) subsection 286.1(1) (obtaining sexual services for consideration), (ix.2) subsection 286.2(1) (material benefit from sexual services), (ix.3) subsection 286.3(1) (procuring), (x) paragraph 348(1)(d) (breaking and entering a dwelling house with intent to commit an indictable offence), (xi) paragraph 348(1)(d) (breaking and entering a dwelling house and committing an indictable offence), (xii) paragraph 348(1)(e) (breaking and entering a place other than a dwelling house with intent to commit an indictable offence), and (xiii) paragraph 348(1)(e) (breaking and entering a place other than a dwelling house and committing an indictable offence);

The offences in the left column are designated offences under s.490.011(1)(a) that are eligible for a SOIRA Order under s. 490.012(1). The offences in the right column are designated offences under s.490.011(1)(b) that are eligible for a SOIRA Order under s. 490.012(2), if the crown can prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the offence was committed for the intent to commit an offence under s.490.011(1)(a).

Sex Offender Registration Act establishes a database accessible to police that contains addresses, descriptions, and other information regarding sex offenders. The offender is obligated to keep the information on file up to date for the period ordered. This will either be 10 years, 20 years, or life. Failure to comply with the order is a criminal offence.

Duration

Under Section 490.13, the length of the SOIRA order is based on the election and maximum penalty.

Date order begins
490.013 (1) An order made under section 490.012 begins on the day on which it is made.
Duration of order
(2) An order made under subsection 490.012(1) or (2)

(a) ends 10 years after it was made if the offence in connection with which it was made was prosecuted summarily or if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is two or five years;

(b) ends 20 years after it was made if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is 10 or 14 years; and

(c) applies for life if the maximum term of imprisonment for the offence is life.

Duration of order
(2.1) An order made under subsection 490.012(1) applies for life if the person is convicted of, or found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder for, more than one offence referred to in paragraph (a), (c), (c.1), (d), (d.1) or (e) of the definition “designated offence” in subsection 490.011(1).
Duration of order
(3) An order made under subsection 490.012(1) or (2) applies for life if the person is, or was at any time, subject to an obligation under section 490.019 or 490.02901, under section 227.06 of the National Defence Act or under section 36.1 of the International Transfer of Offenders Act.
Duration of order
(4) An order made under subsection 490.012(1) or (2) applies for life if the person is, or was at any time, subject to an order made previously under section 490.012 of this Act or section 227.01 of the National Defence Act.
Duration of order
(5) An order made under subsection 490.012(3) applies for life.
2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2007, c. 5, s. 14; 2010, c. 17, s. 6; 2014, c. 25, s. 27.

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Lifetime Duration

An order must be made for a minimum of life where:

• "if the person is convicted of, or found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder for, more than one offence" that is a "designated offence". (490.013 (2.1))
• "if the person is, or was at any time, subject to an obligation under section 490.019 or 490.02901, under section 227.06 of the National Defence Act or under section 36.1 of the International Transfer of Offenders Act" (490.013 (3))
• "if the person is, or was at any time, subject to [a SOIRA] order made previously" (490.013 (4))

Sub-section (2.1) will requires a lifetime SOIRA even when the accused is sentenced on multiple "designated offences" at the same time.

Correcting SOIRA of Improper Duration

Where the judge makes a SOIRA order of an illegal duration, believing that it was lawful, cannot retrospectively change the order as they are functus officio.

Effect of Prior Orders and Convictions

490.012
...

Order — if previous offence established
(3) When a court imposes a sentence on a person for a designated offence in connection with which an order may be made under subsection (1) or (2) or renders a verdict of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder for such an offence, it shall, on application of the prosecutor, make an order in Form 52 requiring the person to comply with the Sex Offender Information Registration Act for the applicable period specified in section 490.013 if the prosecutor establishes that

(a) the person was, before or after the coming into force of this paragraph, previously convicted of, or found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder for, an offence referred to in paragraph (a), (c), (c.1), (d), (d.1) or (e) of the definition “designated offence” in subsection 490.011(1) or in paragraph (a) or (c) of the definition “designated offence” in section 227 of the National Defence Act;

(b) the person was not served with a notice under section 490.021 or 490.02903 or under section 227.08 of the National Defence Act in connection with that offence; and

(c) no order was made under subsection (1) or under subsection 227.01(1) of the National Defence Act in connection with that offence.

...
2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2007, c. 5, s. 13; 2010, c. 17, s. 5; 2014, c. 25, s. 26.

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When considering the effect of prior-related records, convictions for sexual offences while the offender was a youth should not be considered if it occurred more than 5 years prior to the adult offence.

Sentencing Procedure

A recommended approach for a sentencing judge to follow is:

(1) Inquire whether the offender wished to challenge the making of the order;

(2) If the offender so wished, then inquire as to whether the offender wished to call further evidence respecting the impact of such an order;

(3) If the offender chooses to do so, then hear that evidence and inquire of the prosecutor whether the prosecutor wished to call evidence to rebut the evidence called by the offender and, if so, hear that evidence;

(4) Weigh the evidence heard at trial and on the sentencing hearing, to the extent that the offender or the prosecutor relied on such evidence, and weigh any evidence specifically called, together with arguments presented by the parties, in order to determine the manner and extent to which:

(a) making the order might impact on

(i) privacy and liberty of the offender,

(ii) the abilities or limitations of the offender,

(iii) the offender as a result of the stigma of being registered,

(iv) the potential for rehabilitation and reintegration of the offender in the community, and

(v) any other significant characteristic of the offender; and

(b) failure to make the order might impact the public interest;

(5) Accepting Parliament’s declaration that there is a public interest in protecting society through effective investigation of crimes of a sexual nature, weigh the impact on the offender of being registered, as against the impact on that public interest, of the offender not being registered and come to a conclusion as to whether the impact on the offender is so severe as to result in a “marked and serious imbalance” between the impact on the offender of making the order and the impact on the public interest of not making the order; and

(6) If, but only if, the impact on the offender of making the order is grossly disproportionate to the impact on the public interest of not making the order, the exemption should be granted.

Notice

Requirements relating to notice
490.018 (1) When a court or appeal court makes an order under section 490.012, it shall cause

(a) the order to be read by or to the person who is subject to it;

(b) a copy of the order to be given to that person;

(c) that person to be informed of sections 4 to 7.1 of the Sex Offender Information Registration Act, sections 490.031 and 490.0311 of this Act and section 119.1 of the National Defence Act; and

(d) a copy of the order to be sent to

(i) the Review Board that is responsible for making a disposition with respect to that person, if applicable,

(ii) the person in charge of the place in which that person is to serve the custodial portion of a sentence or is to be detained in custody as part of a disposition under Part XX.1, if applicable,

(iii) the police service whose member charged that person with the offence in connection with which the order is made, and

(iv) the Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

Endorsement
(2) After paragraphs (1)(a) to (c) have been complied with, the person who is subject to the order shall endorse the order.
Notice on disposition by Review Board
(3) A Review Board shall cause a copy of the order to be given to the person who is subject to it when it directs

(a) under paragraph 672.54(a), that the person be discharged absolutely; or

(b) under paragraph 672.54(b), that the person be discharged subject to conditions, unless the conditions restrict the person’s liberty in a manner and to an extent that prevent them from complying with sections 4, 4.1, 4.3 and 6 of the Sex Offender Information Registration Act.

Notice before release
(4) The person in charge of the place in which the person is serving the custodial portion of a sentence, or is detained in custody, before their release or discharge shall give the person a copy of the order not earlier than 10 days before their release or discharge.
2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2007, c. 5, s. 18; 2010, c. 17, s. 11.

Early Termination of a SOIRA Order

• Early Termination of SOIRA Orders

Effect of the Order

A SOIRA Order under s. 490.012 will comply with From 52.

When a conviction occurs outside of Canada, an order under s. 490.02901. The Order to comply will use Form 54.

Disclosure of Information

Disclosure of Information
Disclosure
490.03 (1) The Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or a person authorized by the Commissioner shall, on request, disclose information that is registered in the database or the fact that such information is registered in the database

(a) to the prosecutor if the disclosure is necessary for the purpose of a proceeding under section 490.012; or

(b) to the Attorney General if the disclosure is necessary for the purpose of a proceeding under subsection 490.016(1), 490.023(2), 490.027(1), 490.02905(2), 490.02909(1) or 490.02913(1) or for the purpose of an appeal from a decision made in any of those proceedings or in a proceeding under subsection 490.012(2).

Disclosure in connection with proceedings
(2) The Commissioner or that person shall, on request, disclose to the prosecutor or Attorney General the information that is registered in the database relating to a person if the person discloses, in connection with a proceeding or appeal other than one referred to in subsection (1), the fact that information relating to them is registered in the database.
Disclosure in proceedings
(3) The prosecutor or the Attorney General may, if the information is relevant to the proceeding, appeal or any subsequent appeal, disclose it to the presiding court.
(4) [Repealed, 2007, c. 5, s. 27]
2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2007, c. 5, s. 27; 2010, c. 17, s. 20.

Appeal From Order

Appeal
490.014 The prosecutor, or a person who is subject to an order under subsection 490.012(2), may appeal from a decision of the court under that subsection on any ground of appeal that raises a question of law or of mixed law and fact. The appeal court may dismiss the appeal, or allow it and order a new hearing, quash the order or make an order that may be made under that subsection.
2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2010, c. 17, s. 7.

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Section 490.014 does not give a right of appeal for an order made under s. 490.012(1). There may still be an option to corrected by means of a Judicial Review.

Despite s. 490.014, the Crown has the ability to appeal under s. 676(1)(b) for the refusal of a sentencing judge to order a SOIRA.

Improperly Ordered Duration

A Court is functus officio and does not have the jurisdiction to correct any errors made in setting the duration of the SOIRA Order.

Breach of SOIRA Orders (s. 490.031 to 490.0312)

• Breach of SOIRA Orders (Offence)

Regulations

Regulations
490.032 The Governor in Council may make regulations

(a) requiring that additional information be contained in a notice under Form 53 or Form 54; and

(b) prescribing, for one or more provinces, the form and content of that information.

2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2010, c. 17, s. 24.

Legislative History

Prior to April 15, 2011 Amendments

In April 15, 2011, the phrasing of s.490.012 was amended to make SOIRA mandatory for all section (a), (c), (c.1), (d) or (e) designated offences. Prior to this amendment these designated offences presumptively required a SOIRA order unless outweighed by other interests. As such, there is no longer the weighing of proportional interests.

The previous scheme allowed the following:

The court may exempt an offender from registration under the SOIRA if the court is satisfied that the impact of the obligations would be "grossly disproportionate to the public interest in protecting society though the effective investigation of crimes of a sexual nature".The Court must give reasons for the decision to grant or deny the order under the SOIRA.

The requirements can be summarized as follows:

1. What is the impact on the individual offender,
2. What is the public interest served by registration, and
3. Is the impact upon the defendant grossly disproportionate to the public interest having regard to:
   1. the nature of the offence,
   2. the nature of the intrusion, and
   3. the circumstances of the individual offender.

From "a public interest point of view it is desirable that the registry not be so inclusive as to include so many low risk or no risk offenders as to dilute the resources and attention of the police from those that pose a genuine risk."

SOIRA Notice Convictions Pre-December 15, 2004

• SOIRA Notice Convictions Pre-December 15, 2004

SOIRA Notice Convictions Outside Canada

• SOIRA Notice Convictions Outside Canada

Misc. Definitions Under the SOIRA Provisions of the Code

Definitions
490.011 (1) The following definitions apply in this section and in sections 490.012 to 490.032.
"crime of a sexual nature" means a crime referred to in subsection 3(2) of the Sex Offender Information Registration Act. (crimes de nature sexuelle)

"database" has the same meaning as in subsection 3(1) of the Sex Offender Information Registration Act. (banque de données)


...
"Ontario Act" means Christopher’s Law (Sex Offender Registry), 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 1. (loi ontarienne)

"pardon" means a conditional pardon granted under Her Majesty’s royal prerogative of mercy or under section 748 that has not been revoked. (pardon)

"record suspension" means a record suspension, as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Criminal Records Act, that has not been revoked or ceased to have effect. (suspension du casier)
"registration centre has the same meaning as in subsection 3(1) of the Sex Offender Information Registration Act. (bureau d’inscription)

"Review Board" means the Review Board established or designated for a province under subsection 672.38(1). (commission d’examen)

"verdict of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder means a verdict of not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder within the meaning of subsection 672.1(1) or a finding of not responsible on account of mental disorder within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the National Defence Act, as the case may be. (verdict de non-responsabilité)

Interpretation
(2) ...
2004, c. 10, s. 20; 2005, c. 43, s. 6; 2007, c. 5, s. 11; 2008, c. 6, s. 36; 2010, c. 3, s. 7, c. 17, s. 4; 2012, c. 1, ss. 31, 141; 2014, c. 25, s. 25.

See Also

• DNA Orders
• Section 161 Orders