Quebec Superior Court
The Superior Court of Quebec (Template:Lang-fr) is the highest trial Court in the Province of Quebec, Canada. It consists of 157 judges who are appointed by the federal government. Appeals from this Court are taken to the Quebec Court of Appeal.
Jurisdiction
The Superior Court of Quebec is a court of original jurisdiction, which hears all cases not expressly assigned to another court or administrative body. It possesses both criminal and civil jurisdiction. It also hears certain appeals.
All criminal trials by jury are tried by the Superior Court.
Judges
The Superior Court is composed of 157 justices, including a Chief Justice, a Senior Associate Chief Justice, and an Associate Chief Justice. It can also have a maximum of 111 supernumerary judges.
Chief Justices
Chief Justices (term): [partial listing]
- Edward Bowen (1849-1866)
- Sir William Collis Meredith (1866-1884)
- Sir Andrew Stuart (1885-1889)
- Sir Francis Godschall Johnson (1889-1894)
- Sir Louis-Napoléon Casault (1894-1904)
- Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier (1904-1906)
- Sir Melbourne McTaggart Tait
- Sir Charles Peers Davidson (1912-1915)
- Sir François-Xavier Lemieux (1915-?)
- R.A.E. Greenshields (1929-1942)
- Albert Sévigny (1942-1959)
- Frédéric Dorion (1963-1973)
- Jules Deschênes (1973-1983)
- Alan B. Gold (1983-1992)
- Lawrence A. Poitras (1992-1996)
- Lyse Lemieux (1996-2004)
- François Rolland (2004-2015)[1]
- Jacques R. Fournier (since 2015)
Current Justices
| Name | Region | Date Appointed | Appointed By | Prior Position(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Justice Jacques R. Fournier [2] [1] | All | 2002 (J) 2015 (CJ) |
Jean Cretien Stephen Harper |
Called to bar (1978) | |
| Senior Associate Chief Justice Robert Pidgeon | All | 1989 (J) 2005 (ACJ) |
Brian Mulroney Stephen Harper |
||
| Associate Chief Justice Eva Petras | All | 2006 (J) 2015 (ACJ) |
Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Robert Dufresne | Abitibi - Rouyn-noranda - Témiscamingue | 2006 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michel Girouard | Abitibi - Rouyn-noranda - Témiscamingue | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Sandra Bouchard | Alma | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Serge Francoeur | Alma | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Nicole-M. Gibeau [2] | Beauharanois | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Martin Dallaire | Chicoutimi | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Carl Lachance | Chicoutimi | 2004 | Paul Martin | ||
| Justice Nicole Tremblay | Chicoutimi | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Lise Matteau [3] | Drummond | 2002 | Jean Chretein | ||
| Justice Marie-Josée Bédard [4] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2015 | |||
| Justice Pierre Dallaire | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2008 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Dominique Goulet | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Suzanne Tessier | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Carole Therrien[3] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Claude Auclair [5] | Joliette | 2004 | Paul Martin | ||
| Justice Christiane Alary | Laval | 2005 | Paul Martin | ||
| Justice Carole Julien | Longueuil | 1994 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Chantal Masse | Longueuil | 2006 | |||
| Justice Sophie Picard | Longueuil | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Louisa Arcand | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Marie-Claude Armstrong | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Frédéric Bachand [6] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Professor of law McGill Ogilvy Renault | |
| Justice Babak Barin [7] | Montréal | 2015 | |||
| Justice Christine Baudouin [8] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Casavant Mercier Avocats Heenan Blaikie (1997 to 2009) Called to bar (1993) | |
| Justice Guylène Beaugé | Montréal | 2007 | |||
| Justice Donald Bisson | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Marc-André Blanchard | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Alexandre Boucher | Montréal | 2015 | |||
| Justice Sophie Bourque [9] | Montréal | 2005 | Hébert, Bourque and Downs Called to bar (184) |
||
| Justice Christian J. Brossard | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice James L. Brunton [10] | Montréal | 2003 | |||
| Justice Kirkland Casgrain [11] | Montréal | 2003 | |||
| Justice Robert Castiglio[4] | Montréal | 2008 | Castiglio et associés (1990 to 2008) | ||
| Justice Martin Castonguay | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice France Charbonneau [12] | Montréal | 2004 | |||
| Justice Chantal Chatelain [13] | Montréal | 2015 | Langlois Kronström Desjardins Called to bar (1993) | ||
| Justice Carol Cohen [14] | Montréal | 1997 | |||
| Justice David R. Collier[5] | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Silvana Conte [15] | Montréal | 2015 | Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP | ||
| Justice Chantal Corriveau [16] | Montréal | 2005 | Kugler Kandestin Called to bar (1983) |
||
| Justice Suzanne Courchesne [17] | Montréal | October 10, 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Guy Cournoyer | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice François Dadour | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Claude Dallaire | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Marc David | Montréal | 2005 | |||
| Justice Thomas M. Davis[6] | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michel Déziel [18] | Montréal | 2003 | Dunton Rainville s.e.n.c. Called to bar (1972) | ||
| Justice Hélène Di Salvo | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Gérard Dugré | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice France Dulude | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice François P. Duprat [7] | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Benoît Emery [19] | Montréal | 2002 | |||
| Justice Lucie Fournier | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Pierre-C. Gagnon [20] | Montréal | 2002 | |||
| Justice Serge Gaudet | Montréal | 2015 | |||
| Justice Marie Gaudreau | Montréal | 2003 | |||
| Justice Louis J. Gouin | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Lukasz Granosik | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Carole Hallée [21] | Montréal | 2001 | Jean Chretein | Hallée, Hamel Avocats Called to bar (1982) | |
| Justice Stephen W. Hamilton | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Anne Jacob [22] | Montréal | 2015 | |||
| Justice Peter Kalichman | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Karen Kear Jodoin | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Pierre Labelle | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Pierre Labrie | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Myriam Lachance | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Louis Lacoursière [23] | Montréal | 2002 | |||
| Justice Marie-Claude Lalande | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Jean-Yves Lalonde [24] | Montréal | 2003 | |||
| Justice Chantal Lamarche | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Mario Longpré | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Florence Lucas [25] | Montréal | 2015 | Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Called to bar (1998) | ||
| Justice Johanne Mainville [26] | Montréal | 2006 | |||
| Justice Catherine Mandeville [27] | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Paul Mayer | Montréal | 2008 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Jean-François Michaud | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michèle Monast [28] | Montréal | 2000 | Jean Cretien | Bélanger, Sauvé Called to bar (1981) | |
| Justice Benoît Moore [29] | Montréal | Marhc 24, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Gregory Moore [30] | Montréal | August 17, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Gary D.D. Morrison | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Francine Nantel | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Pierre Nollet [31] | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | counsel with CBC/Radio-Canada Phillips & Vineberg Called to bar (1981) | |
| Justice Marie-Anne Paquette | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Daniel W. Payette | Montréal | 2008 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Mark G. Peacock | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michel Pennou [32] | Montréal | Feburary 27, 2015 | Stephen Harper | Crown attorney (2001 - 2015) Called to bar (1992) | |
| Justice Micheline Perrault | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Eliane B. Perreault | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Eva Petras | Montréal | 2006 | |||
| Justice Michel A. Pinsonnault | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Yves Poirier | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Élise Poisson | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Aline U. K. Quach [33] | Montréal | June 9, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Legal Aid Called to bar (1996) | |
| Justice André prévost[8] | Montréal | 2004 | Called to bar (1975) | ||
| Justice Steve J. Reimnitz | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Karen M. Rogers [34] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Just Trudeau | Langlois Avocats | |
| Justice Daniel Royer [35] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Labelle, Boudrault, Côté and Associates (criminal) Crown attorney Called to bar (1996) | |
| Justice Stéphane Sansfaçon[9] | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Johanne St-Gelais | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Marc ST-Pierre | Montréal | 2008 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michael Stober | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Chantal Tremblay | Montréal | 2015 | |||
| Justice Danielle Turcotte | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice André Vincent | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michel Yergeau [36] | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Johanne April | Quebec City | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Michel Beaupré | Quebec City | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Pierre C. Bellavance | Quebec City | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice France Bergeron | Quebec City | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Lise Bergeron | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Jacques Blanchard | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Claude Bouchard | Quebec City | 2004 | |||
| Justice Jacques G. Bouchard | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Guy Dd Blois | Quebec City | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Louis Dionne | Quebec City | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Daniel Dumais | Quebec City | 2014 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Jean-François Émond [37] | Quebec City | 2009, 2017 | |||
| Justice Suzanne Gagné [38] | Quebec City | June 26, 2015 | |||
| Justice Marie-Paule Gaganon | Quebec City | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Bernard Godbout [39] | Quebec City | 2001 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Simon Hébert | Quebec City | 2015 | |||
| Justice François Huot | Quebec City | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Denis Jacques [40] | Quebec City | 2004 | Paul Martin | Grondin Poudrier Bernier Called to bar (1978) | |
| Justice Michèle Lacroix [41] | Quebec City | 2000 | Jean Chretien | Pouliot, L'Écuyer (family law) Called to bar (1980) | |
| Justice Catherine La Rosa | Quebec City | 2006 | |||
| Justice Manon Lavoie | Quebec City | 2013 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Alain Michaud | Quebec City | 2010 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Pierre Ouellet | Quebec City | 2009 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Suzanne Ouellet | Quebec City | 2005 | |||
| Justice Marc Paradis | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Clément Samson [10] | Quebec City | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Alicia Soldevila | Quebec City | 2006 | |||
| Justice Bernard Tremblay [42] | Quebec City | June 26, 2015 | Stephen Harper | BCF s.e.n.c.r.l. (2001 to 2015) McCarthy Tétrault (1986 to 2001) Called to bar (1986) | |
| Justice Marie-France Vincent [43] | Quebec City | 2017 | |||
| Justice Louis-Paul Cullen [44] | Richelieu - St-Hyacinthe | 2006 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Daniel Beaulieu | Rimouski | 2012 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Sylvain Provencher [45] | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | 2015 | |||
| Justice Claude Villeneuve [46] | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | 2015 | |||
| Justice Martin Bureau | Sherbrooke | 2003 | |||
| Justice Gaétan Dumas [47] | Sherbrooke | 2004 | |||
| Justice Charles Ouellet [11] | Sherbrooke | 2011 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Line Samoisette | Sherbrooke | 2008 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice François Tôth | Sherbrooke | 2006 | |||
| Justice Étienne Parent [48] [49] | St-Maurice | 2006, 2017 | ___, Justin Trudeau | ||
| Justice Michel A. Caron [50] | Terrebonne | February 25, 2005 | Lavery, de Billy Called to bar (1974) |
||
| Justice Alain Bolcduc | Trois-Rivieres | 2015 | |||
| Justice Danye Daigle [51] | Trois-Rivieres | June 26, 2015 | Sole practitioner (2006 to 2015) Called to bar (1991) | ||
| Justice Jocelyn Geoffroy | Trois-Rivieres | 2008 | Stephen Harper | ||
| Justice Carl Thibault | November 29, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Court of Quebec | ||
| Justice Isabelle Breton | Abitibi, Rouyn-Noranda and Témiscamingue | November 29, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Cain Lamarre Called to bar (1994) |
Supernumerary
| Name | Region | Date Appointed | Appointed By | Prior Position(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Justice Brian J. Riordan *[12] | Montréal | 2004 | ||
| Justice André Roy * [52] | Montréal | 2003 | ||
| Justice André Wery [53] * | Montréal | 1997 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Jerry Zigman * | Montréal | 1987 | Brian Mulroney | |
| Justice Benoit Moulin | Quebec City | 2002 (Judge) - August 17, 2017 (sup.) | ||
| Justice Danielle Blondin * | Quebec City | 1991 | ||
| Justice Michel Caron * [54] | Quebec City | 2000 (Judge) - June 20, 2015 (sup.) | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Jacques Babin *[13] | Quebec City | 1995 | ||
| Justice Yves Tardif * [55] | Sherbrooke | 2000 | la Commission des lésions professionnelles Called to bar (1970) | |
| Justice Raymond W. Pronovost * [56] | St-Maurice | 1997 | ||
| Justice Paul Corriveau * | Baie-Comeau - Mingan | 1985 | Brian Mulroney | |
| Justice Hélène Langlois [57] | Montréal | 1999 May 8, 2016 (sup.) |
Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Jean-Roch Landry * | Bonaventure | 1994 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Roger Banford * | Chicoutimi | 1992 | Brian Mulroney | |
| Justice Martin Bédard * [58] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2000 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Pierre Isabelle * [59] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 1999 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Pierre Journet[14] * | Laval | 1995 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Jean-Jude Chabot * | Longueuil | 1987 | Brian Mulroney | |
| Justice Pierre Béliveau * | Montréal | 1994 | ||
| Justice Nicole Bénard * | Montréal | 1991 | ||
| Justice Sylviane Borenstein * | Montréal | 1994 | ||
| Justice Claude Champagne *[60] | Montréal | 2000 | ||
| Justice Jean-François Buffoni * [61] | Montréal | 2002 | ||
| Justice Marie-France Courville * [62] | Montréal | 1998 | ||
| Justice Claudette Picard [63] * | Montréal | 1997 | ||
| Justice Robert Legris * | Trois-Rivieres | 1987 | ||
| Justice Georges Taschereau [64] * | Quebec City | 1997 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Wilbrod Claude Décarie * | Montréal | 1994 | ||
| Justice Louise Lemelin * | Montréal | 1994 | ||
| Justice Jean-Guy Dubois [65] * | Montréal | 1997 | ||
| Justice Richard Grenier * [66] | Quebec City | 1998 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Suzanne Hardy-Lemieux * | Quebec City | 1998 (judge) - 2015 (sup.) | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Julien Lanctôt * [67] | Montréal | 1998 | Jean Chretein | |
| Justice Luc Lefebvre * [68] | Montréal | 1998 | ||
| Justice Pepita G. Capriolo * [69] | Montréal | 1999 | ||
| Justice William Fraiberg * [70] | Montréal | 1999 | ||
| Justice Marc De Wever * [71] | Montréal | 2001 | ||
| Justice Danielle Mayrand * [72] | Montréal | 2001 | Jean Cretien | |
| Justice Robert Mongeon * [73] | Montréal | 2001 - 2015 (sup.) | Jean Cretien | |
| Justice Richard Nadeau * [74] | Montréal | 1999 | Jean Cretien | |
| Justice Claudette Tessier-Couture * [75] | Quebec City | 2003 | Jean Chretein | |
| Justice Gilles Blanchet *[15] | Rimouski | 1995 | Jean Cretien | |
| Justice Claude-Henri Gendreau [76] * | Rimouski | 1997 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice P.-Marcel Bellavance * | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | 1991 | ||
| Justice Suzanne Mireault * [16] | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | December 20, 1995 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Jean Lemelin *[17] | Quebec City | 1996 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Marc Lesage * | Quebec City | 1998 | Jean Chretien |
Previous Justices
| Name | Date Appointed | Appointed By | Previous Position(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pierrette Rayle [14] | |||
| Jean-Claude Beaulieu [14] | |||
| Pierre Jacques Dalphond [14] | |||
| Yves Alain[18] | |||
| Gratien Duchesne [18] | October 5, 1995 | Jean Chretien | Morency, Duchesne, Paradis (1985 to 1995) Crown attorney (1979 to 1985) Chicoutimi legal aid (1974 to 1979) |
| Jocelyn Verrier | November 29, 1995 | Jean Chretien | |
| Ivan Godin [19] | February 7, 1996 | Jean Chretein | Godin, Lacoursière |
| Marie Christine Laberge [20] | November 8, 1996 | Jean Chretein | |
| Julie Dutil [20] | November 8, 1996 | ||
| G.B. Maughan [77] | Novebmer 5, 1997 | Jean Chretein | |
| Jean-François de Grandpré | January 29, 1997 | Jean Chretein | Lavery, de Billy Called to bar (1971) |
| Allan Ross Hilton [78] | January 30, 1998 | Jean Chretein | McCarthy Tétrault (1975 to 1998) |
| Suzanne Hardy-Lemieux [79] | July 15, 1998 | Jean Chretein | Tremblay, Bois, Mignault et associés Gagnon, de Billy et associés |
| Rita Bédard [80] | December 2, 1998 | Jean Chretein | |
| Jacques Dufresne [81] | June 25, 1998 | Jean Chretein | |
| Hélène Poulin [82] | June 25, 1998 | Jean Chretein | |
| Suzanne Courteau [83] | June 25, 1998 | Jean Chretein | |
| Normand Gosselin [84] | May 5, 1999 | Jean Chretein | |
| Louise Moreau [85] | May 5, 1999 | Jean Chretein | |
| Michel Richard [86] | December 8, 1999 | Jean Chretien | |
| Jacques J. Levesque [87] | December 8, 1999 | Jean Chretien | |
| Maurice Laramee [88] | September 15, 1999 | Jean Chretein | |
| Richard G. Mongeau [89] | |||
| Jean-Pierre Chretien [90] | June 22, 2000 | Jean Chretien | Hydro-Quebec (1975 to 2000) |
| Joel Avery Silcoff [91] | June 7, 2000 | Jean Chretien | Pouliot Mercure Called to bar (1967) |
| Michel Delorme [92] | |||
| Claudine Roy [93] | |||
| Claude C. Gagnon [94] | Called to bar (1974) | ||
| Richard Wagner [95] | Called to bar (1980) | ||
| M. Schrager | ? - June 13, 2014 |
Sources and notes
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225554/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE17.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111219120828/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32649.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120131235501/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32681.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090122052256/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2008/doc_32319.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111113221100/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32656.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111221040636/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32646.html
- ↑ http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2012/doc_32722.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110218021001/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2004/doc_31328.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110809020513/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32596.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120201002508/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32688.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110915125706/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32609.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110218021001/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2004/doc_31328.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20030923003640/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE13.html
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225143/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE9.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20030923003640/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE13.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225311/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE14.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225421/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE19.html
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225238/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE11.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225254/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE16.html
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225421/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE19.html