Inventory Searches
General Principles
Certain provincial vehicle Acts permit an officer to conduct an inventory search of a vehicle that is being impounded.[1] This also applies where a vehicle is being seized due to being parked in an unsafe location.[2]
- Rationale
The rationale for the power to do an inventory does not flow from the nature of the investigation but rather is based on the interests of:[3]
- person who owns the property and wishes the police to safeguard the property while it is in police custody;
- public safety who are concerned contraband being held by police or in authorized storage facilities;
- police desire to protect against civil liability for loss or damage to property found in the vehicle.
- Towing Vehicle
A decision on the part of police to have a vehicle towed does not necessarily always justify an inventory search.[4] The police should turn their mind to other options besides impounding the vehicle.[5]
- Contents of Bags
The power to conduct inventory searches of vehicles may also permit the opening and examining of the contents of bags found within the vehicle.[6]
Inventory searches do not extent to situations where an officer is assisting a sheriff's officer in executing an eviction order, such that bags are opened for examination.[7]
- Use of Evidence Discovered on Inventory Search
Where police are entitled to inventory the contents of a vehicle when impounded, the Crown may not be permitted to tender the fruits of the inventory search as it would not be "authorized by law".[8] However, some authority suggests a statutory power to impound includes a power to tender the fruits of search.[9]
- ↑
e.g. Highway Traffic Act (ON), s. 172
- ↑
R v Russell, 2017 BCPC 60 (CanLII), per Koturbash J - re s. 188 of BC Motor Vehicle Act
- ↑
R v Cooper, 2016 BCPC 259 (CanLII), per Cutler J, at para 16
R v Wint, 2009 ONCA 52 (CanLII), , 93 O.R. 514 (Ont.C.A.), per curiam
R v Nicolosi, 1998 CanLII 2006 (ONCA), 127 CCC (3d) 176 (Ont. C.A.), per Doherty JA
R v Ellis, 2013 ONSC 1494 (CanLII), per Cambpell J
- ↑
R v Harflett, 2016 ONCA 248 (CanLII), per Lauwers JA
- ↑ e.g. R v Martin2012 ONSC 2298(*no CanLII links)
- ↑ R v Wint, 2009 ONCA 52 (CanLII) (leave to appeal to the SCC denied 2009 CanLII 31959), per curiam
- ↑ R v Stevens, 2011 ONCA 504 (CanLII), per Armstrong JA
- ↑
R v Ahmed, 2019 SKCA 47 (CanLII), per Barrington-Foote JA, at para 18("Mr. Ahmed had possession of the vehicle with the permission of the owner. As such, he had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the vehicle: ...")
R v Nolet, 2010 SCC 24 (CanLII), per Binnie J, at para 53
R v Caslake, 1998 CanLII 838 (SCC), per Lamer CJ, at para 30
- ↑
R v Russell, 2018 BCCA 330 (CanLII), 365 CCC (3d) 481, per D Smith JA
R v Nicolosi, 1998 CanLII 2006 (ONCA), , 110 OAC 189 (CA), per Doherty JA
Wint, supra