Criminal Law Notebook

Definition of Judicial Officers and Offices

See also: Criminal Code and Related Definitions and Criminal Courts

Courts

See also: Criminal Courts

"Provincial Court Judge"

2
...
 "provincial court judge" means a person appointed or authorized to act by or pursuant to an Act of the legislature of a province, by whatever title that person may be designated, who has the power and authority of two or more justices of the peace and includes the lawful deputy of that person;
...
 R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 2; R.S., 1985, c. 11 (1st Supp.), s. 2, c. 27 (1st Supp.), ss. 2, 203, c. 31 (1st Supp.), s. 61, c. 1 (2nd Supp.), s. 213, c. 27 (2nd Supp.), s. 10, c. 35 (2nd Supp.), s. 34, c. 32 (4th Supp.), s. 55, c. 40 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1990, c. 17, s. 7; 1991, c. 1, s. 28, c. 40, s. 1, c. 43, ss. 1, 9; 1992, c. 20, s. 216, c. 51, s. 32; 1993, c. 28, s. 78, c. 34, s. 59; 1994, c. 44, s. 2; 1995, c. 29, ss. 39, 40, c. 39, s. 138; 1997, c. 23, s. 1; 1998, c. 30, s. 14; 1999, c. 3, s. 25, c. 5, s. 1, c. 25, s. 1(Preamble), c. 28, s. 155; 2000, c. 12, s. 91, c. 25, s. 1(F); 2001, c. 32, s. 1, c. 41, ss. 2, 131; 2002, c. 7, s. 137, c. 22, s. 324; 2003, c. 21, s. 1; 2004, c. 3, s. 1; 2005, c. 10, s. 34, c. 38, s. 58, c. 40, ss. 1, 7; 2006, c. 14, s. 1; 2007, c. 13, s. 1; 2012, c.1, s. 160, c. 19, s. 371; 2013, c. 13, s. 2; 2014, c. 17, s. 1, c. 23, s. 2, c. 25, s. 2; 2015, c. 3, s. 44, c. 13, s. 3, c. 20, s. 15; 2018, c. 21, s. 12; 2019, c. 13, s. 140; 2019, c. 25, s. 1; 2022, c. 17, s. 1.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 2

Definitions

487.04 In this section and in sections 487.05 to 487.0911,
...
 "provincial court judge", in relation to a young person, includes a youth justice court judge within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Youth Criminal Justice Act; (juge de la cour provinciale)
...
 1995, c. 27, s. 1; 1998, c. 37, s. 15; 2001, c. 41, s. 17; 2002, c. 1, s. 175; 2005, c. 25, s. 1, c. 43, ss. 5, 9; 2007, c. 22, ss. 2, 8, 47; 2008, c. 6, ss. 35, 63; 2009, c. 22, s. 16; 2010, c. 3, s. 6, c. 17, s. 3; 2012, c. 1, s. 30; 2013, c. 9, s. 16, c. 13, s. 8; 2014, c. 17, s. 13, c. 25, s. 23; 2015, c. 20, s. 23; 2018, c. 16, s. 216, c. 21, s. 18; 2019, c. 13, s. 152; 2019, c. 25, s. 196.1

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 487.04

Section 111 defines "provincial court judge" for the purpose of s. 111, 112, 117.011 and 117.012 as:

111
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) and (10)]

Definition of “provincial court judge”

(11) In this section and sections 112 [revocation of prohibition order under s. 111(5)], 117.011 [weapon prohibition order for associate of prohibited person] and 117.012 [revocation of order under s. 117.011], "provincial court judge" means a provincial court judge having jurisdiction in the territorial division where the person against whom the application for an order was brought resides.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 111; 1991, c. 40, s. 24; 1995, c. 39, s. 139.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 111(11)

"Justice"


2
...
 "justice" means a justice of the peace or a provincial court judge, and includes two or more justices where two or more justices are, by law, required to act or, by law, act or have jurisdiction;
...
 R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 2; R.S., 1985, c. 11 (1st Supp.), s. 2, c. 27 (1st Supp.), ss. 2, 203, c. 31 (1st Supp.), s. 61, c. 1 (2nd Supp.), s. 213, c. 27 (2nd Supp.), s. 10, c. 35 (2nd Supp.), s. 34, c. 32 (4th Supp.), s. 55, c. 40 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1990, c. 17, s. 7; 1991, c. 1, s. 28, c. 40, s. 1, c. 43, ss. 1, 9; 1992, c. 20, s. 216, c. 51, s. 32; 1993, c. 28, s. 78, c. 34, s. 59; 1994, c. 44, s. 2; 1995, c. 29, ss. 39, 40, c. 39, s. 138; 1997, c. 23, s. 1; 1998, c. 30, s. 14; 1999, c. 3, s. 25, c. 5, s. 1, c. 25, s. 1(Preamble), c. 28, s. 155; 2000, c. 12, s. 91, c. 25, s. 1(F); 2001, c. 32, s. 1, c. 41, ss. 2, 131; 2002, c. 7, s. 137, c. 22, s. 324; 2003, c. 21, s. 1; 2004, c. 3, s. 1; 2005, c. 10, s. 34, c. 38, s. 58, c. 40, ss. 1, 7; 2006, c. 14, s. 1; 2007, c. 13, s. 1; 2012, c.1, s. 160, c. 19, s. 371; 2013, c. 13, s. 2; 2014, c. 17, s. 1, c. 23, s. 2, c. 25, s. 2; 2015, c. 3, s. 44, c. 13, s. 3, c. 20, s. 15; 2018, c. 21, s. 12; 2019, c. 13, s. 140; 2019, c. 25, s. 1; 2022, c. 17, s. 1.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 2

Section 188

Section 188 defines "Chief Justice" for the purpose of s. 188:

188
[omitted (1) and (2)]
(3) [Repealed, 1993, c. 40, s. 8]

Definition of “Chief Justice”

(4) In this section [emergency wiretaps], "Chief Justice" means

(a) in the Province of Ontario, the Chief Justice of the Ontario Court;
(b) in the Province of Quebec, the Chief Justice of the Superior Court;
(c) in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and British Columbia, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;
(d) in the Provinces of New Brunswick, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, the Chief Justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench;
(e) in the Provinces of Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Trial Division; and
(f) in Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, the senior judge within the meaning of subsection 22(3) of the Judges Act.

[omitted (5) and (6)]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 188(4)

"Judge"

Various sections of the Code refer to "judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction. This can include a provincial Court of Appeal.[1] Exercise of this form of jurisdiction by a court of appeal, depending on the matter, will be rare for "practical" and "policy reasons."[2]

  1. ↑ R v Durrani, 2008 ONCA 856 (CanLII)
  2. ↑ Durrani, ibid., at para 33

Section 164

Section 164 defines "judge" for the purpose of s. 164 as:

164
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7)]
(8) In this section,
...
 "judge" means a judge of a court;
...
 R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 164; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (2nd Supp.), s. 10, c. 40 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1990, c. 16, s. 3, c. 17, s. 9; 1992, c. 1, s. 58, c. 51, s. 34; 1993, c. 46, s. 3; 1997, c. 18, s. 5; 1998, c. 30, s. 14; 1999, c. 3, s. 27; 2002, c. 7, s. 139, c. 13, s. 6; 2005, c. 32, s. 8; 2014, c. 25, s. 6.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 164(8)


Defined terms: "court" (s. 164(8))

Section 320

Section 320 defines "judge" for the purpose of s. 320 as:

320
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7)]
(8) In this section, ...
 "judge" means a judge of a court.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 320; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (2nd Supp.), s. 10, c. 40 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1990, c. 16, s. 4, c. 17, s. 11; 1992, c. 1, s. 58, c. 51, s. 36; 1998, c. 30, s. 14; 1999, c. 3, s. 29; 2002, c. 7, s. 142.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 320

Part XXI.2

Section 462.3 defines "judge" for the purpose of Part XII.2 (s. 462.3 to 462.5) as:

462.3 (1) In this Part [Pt. XII.2 – Proceeds of Crime (ss. 462.3 to 462.5)],
...
 "judge" means a judge as defined in section 552 [definitions - judges[1]] or a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction;

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 462.3(1)

Sections 487.011 to 487.0199

Definitions

487.011 The following definitions apply in this section and in sections 487.012 to 487.0199 [preservation and production orders relating to data].
...
 "judge" means a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction or a judge of the Court of Quebec.
...
 2004, c. 3, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 20.
[annotation(s) added]

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 487.011

Sections 488.1

Section 488.1 defines "judge" for the purpose of s.488.1 as:

488.1 (1) In this section,
...
 "judge" means a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the province where the seizure was made;

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 488.1(1)

Section 490.2

Section 490.2 defines "judge" for the purpose of s. 490.2, 490.5, and 490.8 as:

490.2
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (4) and (4.1)]

Definition of “judge”

(5) In this section and sections 490.5 and 490.8, "judge" means a judge as defined in section 552 [definitions - judges[2]] or a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction.
1997, c. 23, s. 15; 2001, c. 32, s. 31; 2007, c. 13, s. 9; 2017, c. 7, s. 65.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 290.2(5)

Section 492.1(8)

492.1
...

Definitions

(8) The following definitions apply in this section.
...
 "judge" means a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction or a judge of the Court of Quebec. ...
 1993, c. 40, s. 18; 1999, c. 5, s. 18; 2014, c. 31, s. 23; 2019, c. 25, s. 207.
[annotation(s) added]

Section 492.2

Part XVI (s. 493 to 529.5)

Section 493 defines "judge" for the purpose of Part XVI (compelling attendance and interim release) as:

493 In this Part [Pt. XVI – Compelling Appearance of an Accused Before a Justice and Interim Release (ss. 493 to 529.5)], ...
 "judge" means

(a) in the Province of Ontario, a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the Province,
(b) in the Province of Quebec, a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the province or three judges of the Court of Quebec,
(c) [Repealed, 1992, c. 51, s. 37]
(d) in the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador, a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the Province,
(e) in Yukon and the Northwest Territories, a judge of the Supreme Court, and
(f) in Nunavut, a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice;

...
 R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 493; R.S., 1985, c. 11 (1st Supp.), s. 2, c. 27 (2nd Supp.), s. 10, c. 40 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1990, c. 16, s. 5, c. 17, s. 12; 1992, c. 51, s. 37; 1994, c. 44, s. 39; 1999, c. 3, s. 30; 2002, c. 7, s. 143; 2015, c. 3, s. 51; 2019, c. 25, s. 209.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 493

Part XIX - "Judge"

Under Part XIX (s. 552 to 573.2) concerning indictable offences in trial without a jury, s. 552 defines "judge":

552 In this Part [Pt. XIX – Indictable Offences – Trial Without a Jury (ss. 552 to 572)],
...
 "judge" means,

(a) in the Province of Ontario, a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the Province,
(b) in the Province of Quebec, a judge of the Court of Quebec,
(c) in the Province of Nova Scotia, a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the Province,
(d) in the Province of New Brunswick, a judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench,
(e) in the Province of British Columbia, the Chief Justice or a puisne judge of the Supreme Court,
(f) in the Province of Prince Edward Island, a judge of the Supreme Court,
(g) in the Province of Manitoba, the Chief Justice or a puisne judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench,
(h) in the Provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, a judge of the superior court of criminal jurisdiction of the province,
(h.1) in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, a judge of the Trial Division of the Supreme Court,
(i) in Yukon and the Northwest Territories, a judge of the Supreme Court, and
(j) in Nunavut, a judge of the Nunavut Court of Justice.

...
 R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 552; R.S., 1985, c. 11 (1st Supp.), s. 2, c. 27 (1st Supp.), s. 103, c. 27 (2nd Supp.), s. 10, c. 40 (4th Supp.), s. 2; 1990, c. 16, s. 6, c. 17, s. 13; 1992, c. 51, s. 38; 1999, c. 3, s. 36; 2002, c. 7, s. 145; 2015, c. 3, s. 53.

– CCC

Note up: 552

Misc

Definitions

118 In this Part [Pt. IV – Offences Against the Administration of Law and Justice (ss. 118 to 149)],
"evidence" or statement" means an assertion of fact, opinion, belief or knowledge, whether material or not and whether admissible or not; (témoignage, déposition ou déclaration)

"government" means

(a) the Government of Canada,
(b) the government of a province, or
(c) Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province; (gouvernement)

"judicial proceeding" means a proceeding

(a) in or under the authority of a court of justice,
(b) before the Senate or House of Commons or a committee of the Senate or House of Commons, or before a legislative council, legislative assembly or house of assembly or a committee thereof that is authorized by law to administer an oath,
(c) before a court, judge, justice, provincial court judge or coroner,
(d) before an arbitrator or umpire, or a person or body of persons authorized by law to make an inquiry and take evidence therein under oath, or
(e) before a tribunal by which a legal right or legal liability may be established,
whether or not the proceeding is invalid for want of jurisdiction or for any other reason; (procédure judiciaire)


"office" includes

(a) an office or appointment under the government,
(b) a civil or military commission, and
(c) a position or an employment in a public department; (charge ou emploi)

"official" means a person who

(a) holds an office, or
(b) is appointed or elected to discharge a public duty; (fonctionnaire)

"witness" means a person who gives evidence orally under oath or by affidavit in a judicial proceeding, whether or not he is competent to be a witness, and includes a child of tender years who gives evidence but does not give it under oath, because, in the opinion of the person presiding, the child does not understand the nature of an oath. (témoin)
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 118; R.S., 1985, c. 27 (1st Supp.), ss. 15, 203; 2007, c. 13, s. 2.

– CCC (CanLII), (DOJ)

Note up: 118

See Also

  1. ↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
  2. ↑ Found elsewhere in this same page.
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