Quebec Superior Court
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Judges
The Superior Court is composed of 157 justices, including a Chief Justice, a Senior Associate Chief Justice, and an Associate Chief Justice. It can also have a maximum of 111 supernumerary judges.
Chief Justices
Chief Justices (term): [partial listing]
- Edward Bowen (1849-1866)
- Sir William Collis Meredith (1866-1884)
- Sir Andrew Stuart (1885-1889)
- Sir Francis Godschall Johnson (1889-1894)
- Sir Louis-Napoléon Casault (1894-1904)
- Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier (1904-1906)
- Sir Melbourne McTaggart Tait
- Sir Charles Peers Davidson (1912-1915)
- Sir François-Xavier Lemieux (1915-?)
- R.A.E. Greenshields (1929-1942)
- Albert Sévigny (1942-1959)
- Frédéric Dorion (1963-1973)
- Jules Deschênes (1973-1983)
- Alan B. Gold (1983-1992)
- Lawrence A. Poitras (1992-1996)
- Lyse Lemieux (1996-2004)
- François Rolland (2004-2015)[1]
- Jacques R. Fournier (since 2015)
Current Justices
{Full complement of 151)
| Name | Region | Date Appointed | Appointed By | Prior Position(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Justice Jacques R. Fournier [2] [1] | All | 2002 (J) 2015 (CJ) |
Jean Cretien Stephen Harper |
Called to bar (1978) |
| Senior Associate Chief Justice Robert Pidgeon | All | 1989 (J) 2005 (ACJ) |
Brian Mulroney Stephen Harper |
|
| Associate Chief Justice Eva Petras | All | 2006 (J) 2015 (ACJ) |
Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Carole Julien | Longueuil | 1994 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Carol Cohen [2] | Montréal | 1997 | ||
| Justice Lise Matteau [3] | Drummond | 2002 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Benoît Emery [4] | Montréal | 2002 | ||
| Justice Carl Lachance | Chicoutimi | 2004 | Paul Martin | |
| Justice Claude Auclair [5] | Joliette | 2004 | Paul Martin | |
| Justice Christiane Alary | Laval | 2005 | Paul Martin | |
| Justice Robert Dufresne | Abitibi - Rouyn-noranda - Témiscamingue | 2006 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Chantal Masse | Longueuil | 2006 | ||
| Justice Dominique Goulet | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Suzanne Tessier | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Sophie Picard | Longueuil | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Guylène Beaugé | Montréal | 2007 | ||
| Justice Marc-André Blanchard | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre Dallaire | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2008 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Martin Dallaire | Chicoutimi | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Louisa Arcand | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Gérard Dugré | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michel Girouard | Abitibi - Rouyn-noranda - Témiscamingue | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Nicole-M. Gibeau [6] | Beauharanois | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Serge Francoeur | Alma | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Carole Therrien[3] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Sandra Bouchard | Alma | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Nicole Tremblay | Chicoutimi | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Marie-Claude Armstrong | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Donald Bisson | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Babak Barin [7] | Montréal | 2015 | ||
| Justice Marie-Josée Bédard [8] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2015 | ||
| Justice Frédéric Bachand [9] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Professor of law McGill Ogilvy Renault |
| Justice Christine Baudouin [10] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Casavant Mercier Avocats Heenan Blaikie (1997 to 2009) Called to bar (1993) |
| Justice James L. Brunton [11] | Montréal | 2003 | ||
| Justice Kirkland Casgrain [12] | Montréal | 2003 | ||
| Justice France Charbonneau [13] | Montréal | 2004 | ||
| Justice Chantal Corriveau [14] | Montréal | 2005 | Kugler Kandestin Called to bar (1983) |
|
| Justice Marc David | Montréal | 2005 | ||
| Justice Sophie Bourque [15] | Montréal | 2005 | Hébert, Bourque and Downs Called to bar (184) |
|
| Justice Martin Castonguay | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Guy Cournoyer | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Robert Castiglio[4] | Montréal | 2008 | Castiglio et associés (1990 to 2008) | |
| Justice Claude Dallaire | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice David R. Collier[5] | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Christian J. Brossard | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Suzanne Courchesne [16] | Montréal | October 10, 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Chantal Chatelain [17] | Montréal | 2015 | Langlois Kronström Desjardins Called to bar (1993) | |
| Justice Silvana Conte [18] | Montréal | 2015 | Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP | |
| Justice Alexandre Boucher | Montréal | 2015 | ||
| Justice François Dadour | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Thomas M. Davis[6] | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michel Déziel [19] | Montréal | 2003 | Dunton Rainville s.e.n.c. Called to bar (1972) | |
| Justice Hélène Di Salvo | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice France Dulude | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice François P. Duprat [7] | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Lucie Fournier | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre-C. Gagnon [20] | Montréal | 2002 | ||
| Justice Serge Gaudet | Montréal | 2015 | ||
| Justice Marie Gaudreau | Montréal | 2003 | ||
| Justice Louis J. Gouin | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Lukasz Granosik | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Carole Hallée [21] | Montréal | 2001 | Jean Chretien | Hallée, Hamel Avocats Called to bar (1982) |
| Justice Stephen W. Hamilton | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Anne Jacob [22] | Montréal | 2015 | ||
| Justice Peter Kalichman | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Karen Kear Jodoin | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre Labelle | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre Labrie | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Myriam Lachance | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Louis Lacoursière [23] | Montréal | 2002 | ||
| Justice Marie-Claude Lalande | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Jean-Yves Lalonde [24] | Montréal | 2003 | ||
| Justice Chantal Lamarche | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Mario Longpré | Montréal | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Florence Lucas [25] | Montréal | 2015 | Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Called to bar (1998) | |
| Justice Johanne Mainville [26] | Montréal | 2006 | ||
| Justice Catherine Mandeville [27] | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Paul Mayer | Montréal | 2008 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Jean-François Michaud | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michèle Monast [28] | Montréal | 2000 | Jean Cretien | Bélanger, Sauvé Called to bar (1981) |
| Justice Benoît Moore [29] | Montréal | Marhc 24, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Gregory Moore [30] | Montréal | August 17, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Gary D.D. Morrison | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Francine Nantel | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre Nollet [31] | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | counsel with CBC/Radio-Canada Phillips & Vineberg Called to bar (1981) |
| Justice Marie-Anne Paquette | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Daniel W. Payette | Montréal | 2008 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Mark G. Peacock | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michel Pennou [32] | Montréal | Feburary 27, 2015 | Stephen Harper | Crown attorney (2001 - 2015) Called to bar (1992) |
| Justice Micheline Perrault | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Eliane B. Perreault | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Eva Petras | Montréal | 2006 | ||
| Justice Michel A. Pinsonnault | Montréal | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Yves Poirier | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Élise Poisson | Montréal | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Aline U. K. Quach [33] | Montréal | June 9, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Legal Aid Called to bar (1996) |
| Justice André prévost[8] | Montréal | 2004 | Called to bar (1975) | |
| Justice Steve J. Reimnitz | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Karen M. Rogers [34] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Just Trudeau | Langlois Avocats |
| Justice Daniel Royer [35] | Montréal | May 4, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Labelle, Boudrault, Côté and Associates (criminal) Crown attorney Called to bar (1996) |
| Justice Stéphane Sansfaçon[9] | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Johanne St-Gelais | Montréal | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Marc ST-Pierre | Montréal | 2008 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michael Stober | Montréal | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Chantal Tremblay | Montréal | 2015 | ||
| Justice Danielle Turcotte | Montréal | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice André Vincent | Montréal | 2007 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michel Yergeau [36] | Montréal | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Johanne April | Quebec City | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Michel Beaupré | Quebec City | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre C. Bellavance [37] | Quebec City | November 8, 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice France Bergeron | Quebec City | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Lise Bergeron | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Jacques Blanchard | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Claude Bouchard | Quebec City | 2004 | ||
| Justice Jacques G. Bouchard | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Guy Dd Blois | Quebec City | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Louis Dionne | Quebec City | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Daniel Dumais | Quebec City | 2014 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Jean-François Émond [38] | Quebec City | 2009, 2017 | ||
| Justice Suzanne Gagné [39] | Quebec City | June 26, 2015 | ||
| Justice Marie-Paule Gaganon | Quebec City | 2017 | Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Bernard Godbout [40] | Quebec City | 2001 | Jean Chretien | |
| Justice Simon Hébert | Quebec City | 2015 | ||
| Justice François Huot | Quebec City | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Denis Jacques [41] | Quebec City | 2004 | Paul Martin | Grondin Poudrier Bernier Called to bar (1978) |
| Justice Michèle Lacroix [42] | Quebec City | 2000 | Jean Chretien | Pouliot, L'Écuyer (family law) Called to bar (1980) |
| Justice Catherine La Rosa | Quebec City | 2006 | ||
| Justice Manon Lavoie | Quebec City | 2013 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Alain Michaud | Quebec City | 2010 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Pierre Ouellet | Quebec City | 2009 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Suzanne Ouellet | Quebec City | 2005 | ||
| Justice Marc Paradis | Quebec City | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Clément Samson [10] | Quebec City | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Alicia Soldevila | Quebec City | 2006 | ||
| Justice Bernard Tremblay [43] | Quebec City | June 26, 2015 | Stephen Harper | BCF s.e.n.c.r.l. (2001 to 2015) McCarthy Tétrault (1986 to 2001) Called to bar (1986) |
| Justice Marie-France Vincent [44] | Quebec City | 2017 | ||
| Justice Louis-Paul Cullen [45] | Richelieu - St-Hyacinthe | 2006 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Daniel Beaulieu | Rimouski | 2012 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Sylvain Provencher [46] | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | 2015 | ||
| Justice Claude Villeneuve [47] | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | 2015 | ||
| Justice Martin Bureau | Sherbrooke | 2003 | ||
| Justice Gaétan Dumas [48] | Sherbrooke | 2004 | ||
| Justice Charles Ouellet [11] | Sherbrooke | 2011 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Line Samoisette | Sherbrooke | 2008 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice François Tôth | Sherbrooke | 2006 | ||
| Justice Étienne Parent [49] [50] | St-Maurice | 2006, 2017 | ___, Justin Trudeau | |
| Justice Michel A. Caron [51] | Terrebonne | February 25, 2005 | Lavery, de Billy Called to bar (1974) |
|
| Justice Alain Bolcduc | Trois-Rivieres | 2015 | ||
| Justice Danye Daigle [52] | Trois-Rivieres | June 26, 2015 | Sole practitioner (2006 to 2015) Called to bar (1991) | |
| Justice Jocelyn Geoffroy | Trois-Rivieres | 2008 | Stephen Harper | |
| Justice Carl Thibault | November 29, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Court of Quebec | |
| Justice Isabelle Breton | Abitibi, Rouyn-Noranda and Témiscamingue | November 29, 2017 | Justin Trudeau | Cain Lamarre Called to bar (1994) |
Supernumerary
| Name | Region | Date Appointed | Appointed By | Prior Position(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Justice Brian J. Riordan *[12] | Montréal | 2004 | |||
| Justice André Roy * [53] | Montréal | 2003 | |||
| Justice André Wery [54] * | Montréal | 1997 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Jerry Zigman * | Montréal | 1987 | Brian Mulroney | ||
| Justice Benoit Moulin | Quebec City | 2002 (Judge) - August 17, 2017 (sup.) | |||
| Justice Danielle Blondin * | Quebec City | 1991 | |||
| Justice Michel Caron * [55] | Quebec City | 2000 (Judge) - June 20, 2015 (sup.) | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Jacques Babin *[13] | Quebec City | 1995 | |||
| Justice Yves Tardif * [56] | Sherbrooke | 2000 | Jean Chretien | la Commission des lésions professionnelles Called to bar (1970) | |
| Justice Raymond W. Pronovost * [57] | St-Maurice | 1997 | |||
| Justice Paul Corriveau * | Baie-Comeau - Mingan | 1985 | Brian Mulroney | ||
| Justice Hélène Langlois [58] | Montréal | 1999 May 8, 2016 (sup.) |
Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Jean-Roch Landry * | Bonaventure | 1994 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Roger Banford * | Chicoutimi | 1992 | Brian Mulroney | ||
| Justice Martin Bédard * [59] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 2000 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Pierre Isabelle * [60] | Gatineau - Pontiac - Labelle | 1999 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Pierre Journet[14] * | Laval | 1995 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Jean-Jude Chabot * | Longueuil | 1987 | Brian Mulroney | ||
| Justice Pierre Béliveau * | Montréal | 1994 | |||
| Justice Nicole Bénard * | Montréal | 1991 | |||
| Justice Sylviane Borenstein * | Montréal | 1994 | |||
| Justice Claude Champagne *[61] | Montréal | 2000 | |||
| Justice Jean-François Buffoni * [62] | Montréal | 2002 | |||
| Justice Marie-France Courville * [63] | Montréal | 1998 | |||
| Justice Claudette Picard [64] * | Montréal | 1997 | |||
| Justice Robert Legris * | Trois-Rivieres | 1987 | |||
| Justice Georges Taschereau [65] * | Quebec City | 1997 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Wilbrod Claude Décarie * | Montréal | 1994 | |||
| Justice Louise Lemelin * | Montréal | 1994 | |||
| Justice Jean-Guy Dubois [66] * | Montréal | 1997 | |||
| Justice Richard Grenier * [67] | Quebec City | 1998 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Suzanne Hardy-Lemieux * | Quebec City | 1998 (judge) - 2015 (sup.) | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Julien Lanctôt * [68] | Montréal | 1998 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Luc Lefebvre * [69] | Montréal | 1998 | |||
| Justice Pepita G. Capriolo * [70] | Montréal | 1999 | |||
| Justice William Fraiberg * [71] | Montréal | 1999 | |||
| Justice Marc De Wever * [72] | Montréal | 2001 | |||
| Justice Danielle Mayrand * [73] | Montréal | 2001 | Jean Cretien | ||
| Justice Robert Mongeon * [74] | Montréal | 2001 - 2015 (sup.) | Jean Cretien | ||
| Justice Richard Nadeau * [75] | Montréal | 1999 | Jean Cretien | ||
| Justice Claudette Tessier-Couture * [76] | Quebec City | 2003 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Gilles Blanchet *[15] | Rimouski | 1995 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Claude-Henri Gendreau [77] * | Rimouski | 1997 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice P.-Marcel Bellavance * | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | 1991 | |||
| Justice Suzanne Mireault * [16] | St-François - Bedford - Mégantic | December 20, 1995 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Jean Lemelin *[17] | Quebec City | 1996 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Justice Marc Lesage * | Quebec City | 1998 | Jean Chretien |
Previous Justices
| Name | Region | Date Appointed | Appointed By | Previous Position(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pierrette Rayle [14] | ||||
| Jean-Claude Beaulieu [14] | ||||
| Pierre Jacques Dalphond [14] | ||||
| Richard G. Mongeau [78] | ||||
| Michel Delorme [79] | ||||
| Claudine Roy [80] | ||||
| Claude C. Gagnon [81] | Called to bar (1974) | |||
| Richard Wagner [82] | Called to bar (1980) | |||
| M. Schrager | ? - June 13, 2014 | |||
| Yves Alain[18] | ||||
| Gratien Duchesne [18] | October 5, 1995 | Jean Chretien | Morency, Duchesne, Paradis (1985 to 1995) Crown attorney (1979 to 1985) Chicoutimi legal aid (1974 to 1979) | |
| Jocelyn Verrier | November 29, 1995 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Ivan Godin [19] | February 7, 1996 | Jean Chretien | Godin, Lacoursière | |
| Marie Christine Laberge [20] | November 8, 1996 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Julie Dutil [20] | November 8, 1996 | |||
| G.B. Maughan [83] | Novebmer 5, 1997 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Jean-François de Grandpré | January 29, 1997 | Jean Chretien | Lavery, de Billy Called to bar (1971) | |
| Allan Ross Hilton [84] | January 30, 1998 | Jean Chretien | McCarthy Tétrault (1975 to 1998) | |
| Suzanne Hardy-Lemieux [85] | July 15, 1998 | Jean Chretien | Tremblay, Bois, Mignault et associés Gagnon, de Billy et associés | |
| Rita Bédard [86] | December 2, 1998 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Jacques Dufresne [87] | June 25, 1998 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Hélène Poulin [88] | June 25, 1998 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Suzanne Courteau [89] | June 25, 1998 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Normand Gosselin [90] | May 5, 1999 | Jean Chretien | Dallaire et Gosselin Called to bar (1974) | |
| Louise Moreau [91] | May 5, 1999 | Jean Chretien | Fontaine, Gagnon et Associés Called to bar (1987) | |
| Michel Richard [92] | December 8, 1999 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Jacques J. Levesque [93] | December 8, 1999 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Maurice Laramee [94] | September 15, 1999 | Jean Chretien | ||
| Jean-Pierre Chretien [95] | June 22, 2000 | Jean Chretien | Hydro-Quebec (1975 to 2000) | |
| Joel Avery Silcoff [96] | June 7, 2000 | Jean Chretien | Pouliot Mercure Called to bar (1967) |
Sources and notes
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225554/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE17.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111219120828/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32649.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120131235501/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32681.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090122052256/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2008/doc_32319.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111113221100/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32656.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111221040636/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32646.html
- ↑ http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2012/doc_32722.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110218021001/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2004/doc_31328.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110809020513/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32596.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120201002508/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32688.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110915125706/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2011/doc_32609.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110218021001/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/eng/news-nouv/ja-nj/2004/doc_31328.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20030923003640/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE13.html
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225143/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE9.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20030923003640/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE13.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225311/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE14.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225421/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE19.html
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225238/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1995/QUE11.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225254/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE16.html
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20031111225421/http://www.justice.gc.ca:80/en/news/ja/1996/QUE19.html