Peace Bond (Injury)
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General Principles
Under s. 810 a provincial court judge or justice of the peace may require a person to enter into a recognizance, often called a "peace bond", for a period of up to 12 months. The judge or justice must be satisfied that the person will cause injury to another person, their spouse, or child or will damage another person's property.
- Sureties to Keep the Peace
- If injury or damage feared
810 (1) An information may be laid before a justice by or on behalf of any person who fears on reasonable grounds that another person
- (a) will cause personal injury to them or to their intimate partner or child or will damage their property; or
- (b) will commit an offence under section 162.1 [distribution of intimate images].
- Duty of justice
(2) A justice who receives an information under subsection (1) [peace bond – laying an information if injury or damaged feared] shall cause the parties to appear before him or before a summary conviction court having jurisdiction in the same territorial division.
- Adjudication
(3) If the justice or summary conviction court before which the parties appear is satisfied by the evidence adduced that the person on whose behalf the information was laid has reasonable grounds for the fear, the justice or court may order that the defendant enter into a recognizance, with or without sureties, to keep the peace and be of good behaviour for a period of not more than 12 months.
[omitted (3.01), (3.02), (3.1), (3.11), (3.12), (3.2), (4), (4.1) and (5)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 810; 1991, c. 40, s. 33; 1994, c. 44, s. 81; 1995, c. 22, s. 8, c. 39, s. 157; 2000, c. 12, s. 95; 2011, c. 7, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 25; 2019, c. 25, s. 319.
A provincial court judge has the power to impose an 810 peace bond upon an accused post-trial. However, notice must be given to allow for an opportunity to either call evidence or make submissions. Further, there must be a factual basis to conclude that there is a future risk of a breach of the peace.[1]
- ↑ R v Wells, 2012 ABQB 77 (CanLII), 531 AR 387, per Gates J
Procedure
810
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (3.01), (3.02), (3.1), (3.11), (3.12), and (3.2)]
- Form — warrant of committal
(4) A warrant of committal to prison for failure or refusal to enter into the recognizance under subsection (3) [authority to order peace bond when satisfied] may be in Form 23 [forms].
[omitted (4.1)]
- Procedure
(5) The provisions of this Part [Pt. XXVII – Summary Convictions (ss. 785 to 840)] apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, to proceedings under this section.
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 810; 1991, c. 40, s. 33; 1994, c. 44, s. 81; 1995, c. 22, s. 8, c. 39, s. 157; 2000, c. 12, s. 95; 2011, c. 7, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 25; 2019, c. 25, s. 319.
Draft Information
| Pre-ambles | ||
|---|---|---|
| "THAT [accused full name] stands charged that, between the <DATE> day of <MONTH>, <YEAR> and <DATE> day of <MONTH>, <YEAR>***, at or near <COMMUNITY/TOWN/CITY>, <PROVINCE>, he [or she]..." OR | ||
| "THAT [accused full name] stands charged that, on or about the <DATE> day of <MONTH>, <YEAR>, at or near <COMMUNITY/TOWN/CITY>, <PROVINCE>, he [or she]..." OR | ||
| "AND FURTHER at the same time and place aforesaid, he [or she]..." | ||
| Code Section | Subject of Offence | Draft Wording |
| 810(1) | threat to persons | [name1] fear that [name2] will cause personal injury to him, his partner or his child[ren] in that [name2] did on or about/between the dates of [date(s)] at [location] utter words, to wit: [spoken words] contrary to section 810(1) of the Criminal Code. [1] |
| 810(1) | threat to property | [name1] fear that [name2] will cause personal injury to his property [location of property] in that [name2] did on or about/between the dates of [date(s)] at [location] utter words, to wit: [spoken words] contrary to section 810(1) of the Criminal Code. |
Variation
810
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (3.01), (3.02), (3.1), (3.11), (3.12), (3.2) and (4)]
- Modification of recognizance
(4.1) The justice or the summary conviction court may, on application of the informant or the defendant, vary the conditions fixed in the recognizance.
[omitted (5)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 810; 1991, c. 40, s. 33; 1994, c. 44, s. 81; 1995, c. 22, s. 8, c. 39, s. 157; 2000, c. 12, s. 95; 2011, c. 7, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 25; 2019, c. 25, s. 319.
Conditions
810
[omitted (1), (2), (3) and (3.01)]
- Conditions in recognizance
(3.02) The justice or summary conviction court may add any reasonable conditions to the recognizance that the justice or court considers desirable to secure the good conduct of the defendant, including conditions that require the defendant
- (a) to abstain from the consumption of drugs except in accordance with a medical prescription, of alcohol or of any other intoxicating substance;
- (b) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation on the demand of a peace officer, a probation officer or someone designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(a) to make a demand, at the place and time and on the day specified by the person making the demand, if that person has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant has breached a condition of the recognizance that requires them to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance; or
- (c) to provide, for the purpose of analysis, a sample of a bodily substance prescribed by regulation at regular intervals that are specified, in a notice in Form 51 served on the defendant, by a probation officer or a person designated under paragraph 810.3(2)(b) to specify them, if a condition of the recognizance requires the defendant to abstain from the consumption of drugs, alcohol or any other intoxicating substance.
[omitted (3.1), (3.11) and (3.12)]
- Supplementary conditions
(3.2) Before making an order under subsection (3), the justice or the summary conviction court shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the safety of the informant, of the person on whose behalf the information was laid or of that person’s intimate partner or child, as the case may be, to add either or both of the following conditions to the recognizance,
- (a) a condition prohibiting the defendant from being at, or within a distance specified in the recognizance from, a place specified in the recognizance where the person on whose behalf the information was laid or that person’s intimate partner or child, as the case may be, is regularly found; or
- (b) a condition prohibiting the defendant from communicating, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the person on whose behalf the information was laid or that person’s intimate partner or child, as the case may be.
[omitted (4), (4.1) and (5)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 810; 1991, c. 40, s. 33; 1994, c. 44, s. 81; 1995, c. 22, s. 8, c. 39, s. 157; 2000, c. 12, s. 95; 2011, c. 7, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 25; 2019, c. 25, s. 319.
Forfeiture Weapons
810
[omitted (1), (2), (3), (3.01) and (3.02)]
- Conditions
(3.1) Before making an order under subsection (3) [authority to order peace bond when satisfied], the justice or the summary conviction court shall consider whether it is desirable, in the interests of the safety of the defendant or of any other person, to include as a condition of the recognizance that the defendant be prohibited from possessing any firearm, cross-bow, prohibited weapon, restricted weapon, prohibited device, ammunition, prohibited ammunition or explosive substance, or all such things, for any period specified in the recognizance and, where the justice or summary conviction court decides that it is so desirable, the justice or summary conviction court shall add such a condition to the recognizance.
- Surrender, etc.
(3.11) Where the justice or summary conviction court adds a condition described in subsection (3.1) [judge must consider conditions re weapons] to a recognizance order, the justice or summary conviction court shall specify in the order the manner and method by which
- (a) the things referred to in that subsection that are in the possession of the accused shall be surrendered, disposed of, detained, stored or dealt with; and
- (b) the authorizations, licences and registration certificates held by the person shall be surrendered.
- Reasons
(3.12) Where the justice or summary conviction court does not add a condition described in subsection (3.1) [judge must consider conditions re weapons] to a recognizance order, the justice or summary conviction court shall include in the record a statement of the reasons for not adding the condition.
[omitted (3.2), (4), (4.1) and (5)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 810; 1991, c. 40, s. 33; 1994, c. 44, s. 81; 1995, c. 22, s. 8, c. 39, s. 157; 2000, c. 12, s. 95; 2011, c. 7, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 25; 2019, c. 25, s. 319.
Refusal to Enter Peace Bond
810
[omitted (1), (2) and (3)]
- Refusal to enter into recognizance
(3.01) The justice or summary conviction court may commit the defendant to prison for a term of not more than 12 months if the defendant fails or refuses to enter into the recognizance.
[omitted (3.02), (3.1), (3.11), (3.12), (3.2), (4), (4.1) and (5)]
R.S., 1985, c. C-46, s. 810; 1991, c. 40, s. 33; 1994, c. 44, s. 81; 1995, c. 22, s. 8, c. 39, s. 157; 2000, c. 12, s. 95; 2011, c. 7, s. 7; 2014, c. 31, s. 25; 2019, c. 25, s. 319.