Offences by Category: Difference between revisions

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{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Sexual Interference (Offence)|Sexual interference]] |  151  
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Sexual Interference (Offence)|Sexual interference]] |  151  
| 1 year (I) / <br> 90 days (S) <!--min-->| 14 years (I) /<br>"two years less a day" (S) <!--max--> | Hybrid<!--mode--> |  {{Yes}} (I) <!--prelim--> | {{No}}<ref>in most jurisdictions the minimum is unconstitutional</ref><!--prohib--> |  {{yes}} <!--Consec-->}}
| 1 year (I) / <br> 90 days (S) <!--min-->| 14 years (I) /<br>"two years less a day" (S) <!--max--> | Hybrid<!--mode--> |  {{Yes}} (I) <!--prelim--> | Incarceration only<ref>in most jurisdictions the minimum is unconstitutional</ref><!--prohib--> |  {{yes}} <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Invitation to Sexual Touching (Offence)|Invitation to sexual touching]] |  152 | 1 year or less jail <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> | {{Yes}} (I)  <!--prelim--> | {{No}} <!--prohib--> |  {{Yes}}<!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Invitation to Sexual Touching (Offence)|Invitation to sexual touching]] |  152 | 1 year (I) / <br> 90 days (S) <!--min-->|  14 years (I) / <br> "two years less a day" (S)<!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{Yes}} (I)  <!--prelim--> |Incarceration only <!--prohib--> |  {{Yes}}<!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Sexual Exploitation (Offence)|Sexual exploitation]]| 153
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Sexual Exploitation (Offence)|Sexual exploitation]]| 153
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| 1 year (I) / <br> 90 days (S) <!--min-->|  14 years (I) / <br> "two years less a day" (S)<!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{Yes}} (I) <!--prelim--> |Incarceration only <!--prohib--> |  {{Yes}}<!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Sexual Exploitation (Offence)|Sexual exploitation of persons with disability]] | 153.1 | None | | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Sexual Exploitation (Offence)|Sexual exploitation of persons with disability]] | 153.1 | None<!--min-->|  5  years (I) / <br> summary conviction <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{Yes}} (I)  <!--prelim--> |Incarceration only <!--prohib--> |  {{Yes}}<!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Incest (Offence)|incest (16 years or more)]] | 155  
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Incest (Offence)|incest (16 years or more)]] | 155  
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Incest (Offence)|incest (under 16 years)]] | 155  
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Incest (Offence)|incest (under 16 years)]] | 155  
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Bestiality (Offence)|Bestiality]] | 160(1) | None <!--min-->| 10 years /<br>summary conviction <!--max--> | hybrid<!--mode--> | {{yes}} <!--prelim--> | {{yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{no}}<!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Bestiality (Offence)|Compelling bestiality]] | 160(2| None <!--min-->| 10 years /<br>summary conviction <!--max--> | hybrid<!--mode--> | {{yes}} <!--prelim--> | {{yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{no}}<!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Bestiality (Offence)|Bestiality]] | 160(1)  
| None <!--min-->| 10 years /<br>summary conviction <!--max--> | hybrid<!--mode--> | {{yes}} <!--prelim--> | {{yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{no}}<!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Bestiality (Offence)|Compelling bestiality]] | 160(2)
| None <!--min-->| 10 years /<br>summary conviction <!--max--> | hybrid<!--mode--> | {{yes}} <!--prelim--> | {{yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{no}}<!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Bestiality (Offence)|Bestiality in presence of child]] | 160(3) | 1 year (I)/ <br> 6 months (S) <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Bestiality (Offence)|Bestiality in presence of child]] | 160(3) | 1 year (I)/ <br> 6 months (S) <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Section 161 Orders|Breach of 161 prohibition order]]| 161(4)
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Section 161 Orders|Breach of 161 prohibition order]]| 161(4)
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{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Distribution of Intimate Images (Offence)|Breach of s. 162.2 Internet Prohibition Order]]  | 162.2(4) | None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Distribution of Intimate Images (Offence)|Breach of s. 162.2 Internet Prohibition Order]]  | 162.2(4) | None | | }}


{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Obscenity (Offence)|Corrupting morals]] | 163 and 169 | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Obscenity (Offence)|Corrupting morals]] | 163 and 169
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Making of child pornography]] | 163.1(2)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Child Pornography (Offence)|Making of child pornography]] | 163.1(2)  
| 1 year <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| 1 year <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
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| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}


{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Miscellaneous Sexual Offences|Nudity]] | 174(1) |  <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Miscellaneous Sexual Offences|Nudity]] | 174(1)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Causing a Disturbance (Offence)|Causing a Disturbance]] | 175(1) |<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
|  <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Miscellaneous Sexual Offences|Obstructing or violence to or arrest of officiating clergyman]]  | 176(1) | 2 years (I) /<br> summary conviction <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{No}} <!--prelim--> | {{NA}} <!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Causing a Disturbance (Offence)|Causing a Disturbance]] | 175(1)  
|<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Miscellaneous Sexual Offences|Obstructing or violence to or arrest of officiating clergyman]]  | 176(1)  
| 2 years (I) /<br> summary conviction <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{No}} <!--prelim--> | {{NA}} <!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}


{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Miscellaneous Sexual Offences|Disturbing religious worship or certain meetings]] | 176(2)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part V | [[Miscellaneous Sexual Offences|Disturbing religious worship or certain meetings]] | 176(2)  
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{{OffenceCatHeader2}}
{{OffenceCatHeader2}}
{{LinkOffences2|Part VI|  [[Intercept of Private Communications (Offence)|Interception of private communication]] |184(1)| None<!--min-->| 5 years (I) /<br> "summary conviction"  <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{No}} <!--prelim--> |{{Yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2|Part VI|  [[Intercept of Private Communications (Offence)|Interception of private communication]] |184(1)
| None<!--min-->| 5 years (I) /<br> "summary conviction"  <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{No}} <!--prelim--> |{{Yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
   
   
{{LinkOffences2|Part VI|  [[Intercept of Private Communications (Offence)|Interception of radio-based telephone communications]] | 184.5(1) | None <!--min-->| 5 years (I) / <br> "summary conviction" <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{no}} <!--prelim--> |{{Yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2|Part VI|  [[Intercept of Private Communications (Offence)|Interception of radio-based telephone communications]] | 184.5(1)  
| None <!--min-->| 5 years (I) / <br> "summary conviction" <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{no}} <!--prelim--> |{{Yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}


{{LinkOffences2|Part VI|  [[Intercept of Private Communications (Offence)|Possession of equipment for wiretapping illegally]] | 191(1)| None<!--min-->| 2 years (I) / <br> "summary conviction" <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{No}} <!--prelim--> |{{Yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2|Part VI|  [[Intercept of Private Communications (Offence)|Possession of equipment for wiretapping illegally]] | 191(1)| None<!--min-->| 2 years (I) / <br> "summary conviction" <!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> | {{No}} <!--prelim--> |{{Yes}} <!--prohib--> |  {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
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{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Infanticide (Offence)|Killing unborn child in act of birth]] | 238  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Infanticide (Offence)|Killing unborn child in act of birth]] | 238  
| None | | }}
| None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempt to commit murder]] (use of a firearm which is not a restricted or prohibited firearm) | 239(1)(a.1) | 4 years | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempt to commit murder]] (use of a firearm which is not a restricted or prohibited firearm) | 239(1)(a.1)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempted Murder]] (with restricted or prohibited firearm) | 239(1)(a)(i) and (ii) | 5 or 7 years with prior | | }}
| 4 years | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempt to commit murder]] (no use of a firearm) | 239(1)(b) | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Accessory After the Fact to Murder (Offence)|Accessory after fact to murder]] | 240 | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempted Murder]] (with restricted or prohibited firearm) | 239(1)(a)(i) and (ii)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous_Offences_Against_the_Person#Trafficking_in_Human_Organs|Trafficking in human organs &mdash; Removal without informed consent]] | 240.1(1) | None | {{14Years}}| No }}
| 5 or 7 years with prior | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous_Offences_Against_the_Person#Trafficking_in_Human_Organs|Trafficking in human organs &mdash; Financial transaction]] | 240.1(2) | None | {{14Years}}| No }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Counselling or Aiding Suicide (Offence)|Counselling suicide]] | 241 | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Attempted Murder (Offence)|Attempt to commit murder]] (no use of a firearm) | 239(1)(b)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assisted Dying Offences (Offence)|Failure to comply with safeguards]] | 241.3 | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assisted Dying Offences (Offence)|Forgery or destruction of documents re assisted dying]]| 241.4 | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Accessory After the Fact to Murder (Offence)|Accessory after fact to murder]] | 240  
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous_Offences_Against_the_Person#Trafficking_in_Human_Organs|Trafficking in human organs &mdash; Removal without informed consent]] | 240.1(1)  
| None | {{14Years}}| No }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous_Offences_Against_the_Person#Trafficking_in_Human_Organs|Trafficking in human organs &mdash; Financial transaction]] | 240.1(2)  
| None | {{14Years}}| No }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Counselling or Aiding Suicide (Offence)|Counselling suicide]] | 241  
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assisted Dying Offences (Offence)|Failure to comply with safeguards]] | 241.3  
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assisted Dying Offences (Offence)|Forgery or destruction of documents re assisted dying]]| 241.4  
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person|Neglect to obtain assistance and concealing birth]] | 242 | None| 5 years (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person|Neglect to obtain assistance and concealing birth]] | 242 | None| 5 years (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person|Concealing body of child]] | 243 | None | 2 years (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person|Concealing body of child]] | 243 | None | 2 years (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
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{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Administering a Noxious Substance (Offence)|Administer noxious thing with intent to endanger life]] |245(1)(a) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Administering a Noxious Substance (Offence)|Administer noxious thing with intent to endanger life]] |245(1)(a) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Administering a Noxious Substance (Offence)|Administer noxious thing with intent to aggrieve or annoy]] |245(1)(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Administering a Noxious Substance (Offence)|Administer noxious thing with intent to aggrieve or annoy]] |245(1)(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Overcoming Resistance (Offence)|Overcoming resistance to commission of offence &ndash; choking]]  |246(a) | None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Overcoming Resistance (Offence)|Overcoming resistance to commission of offence &ndash; choking]]  |246(a)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Overcoming Resistance (Offence)|Overcoming resistance to commission of offence &ndash; drugging]]  |246(b) | None | | }}
| None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Set trap likely to cause bodily harm or death]] | 247(1) | None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Overcoming Resistance (Offence)|Overcoming resistance to commission of offence &ndash; drugging]]  |246(b)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Keep trap and cause death in place to commit offence]]| 247(1) and 247(5) | None | | }}
| None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Set trap and actually cause bodily harm]] | 247(2)| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Set trap likely to cause bodily harm or death]] | 247(1)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Keep trap to cause bodily harm to commit offence]] | 247(3) | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Keep trap and cause bodily harm in place to commit offence]] | 247(4) | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Keep trap and cause death in place to commit offence]]| 247(1) and 247(5)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Interfering_with_transportation_facilities|Interfere with transportation likely to cause death]] | 248 | None | life | }}
| None | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Interfering_with_transportation_facilities|Interfere with transportation likely to cause death]] | 262 | None | 10 years (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Set trap and actually cause bodily harm]] | 247(2)
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Criminal Harassment (Offence)|Criminal Harassment]] | 264 | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Keep trap to cause bodily harm to commit offence]] | 247(3)  
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Traps_likely_to_cause_bodily_harm|Keep trap and cause bodily harm in place to commit offence]] | 247(4)  
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Interfering_with_transportation_facilities|Interfere with transportation likely to cause death]] | 248
| None | life | Indict.<!--mode--> |  {{Yes}} <!--prelim--> |<!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Interfering_with_transportation_facilities|Interfere with transportation likely to cause death]] | 262  
| None | 10 years (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Criminal Harassment (Offence)|Criminal Harassment]] | 264  
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> |Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{No}} <!--prelim--> | {{NA}} <!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Uttering Threats (Offence)|Utter threats to cause death or bodily harm]] | 264.1(2)
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> |Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{No}} <!--prelim--> | {{NA}} <!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Uttering Threats (Offence)|Utter threats to destroy property or animals]] | 264.1(3)
| None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> |Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{No}} <!--prelim--> | {{NA}} <!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Common Assault (Offence)|Assault]]  | 266
| None<!--min-->|  5 years (I) / <br> summary conviction<!--max--> | Hybrid <!--mode--> |  {{No}} <!--prelim--> | {{NA}} <!--prohib--> | {{No}} <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault with a Weapon (Offence)|Assault with a Weapon]] | 267(a)
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}


{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Uttering Threats (Offence)|Utter threats to cause death or bodily harm]] | 264.1(2) | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Uttering Threats (Offence)|Utter threats to destroy property or animals]] | 264.1(3) | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Common Assault (Offence)|Assault]]  | 266 | None<!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault with a Weapon (Offence)|Assault with a Weapon]] | 267(a) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Assault Causing Bodily Harm]] | 267(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Assault Causing Bodily Harm]] | 267(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Assault (Offence)|Aggravated Assault]] | 268 | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Assault (Offence)|Aggravated Assault]] | 268 | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Unlawfully_Cause_Bodily_Harm|Unlawfully cause bodily harm]]| 269| None | 10 yeras (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Unlawfully_Cause_Bodily_Harm|Unlawfully cause bodily harm]]| 269| None | 10 yeras (I)<br> summary conviction | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person|Unlawfully cause bodily harm]] (failure to safeguard ice opening or excavation causing bodily harm) | 269, 263(3)(b) | <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person|Unlawfully cause bodily harm]] (failure to safeguard ice opening or excavation causing bodily harm) | 269, 263(3)(b) | <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Torture|Torture]] | 269.1 | None | {{No}} | {{No}} }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Miscellaneous Offences Against the Person#Torture|Torture]] | 269.1  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)|Assaulting a peace officer]] | 270(1) and (2) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None | {{No}} | {{No}} }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)|Assault of peace officer with a weapon or causing bodily harm]] | 270.01 | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)|Aggravated assault of peace officer]] | 270.02 | None  <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)|Assaulting a peace officer]] | 270(1) and (2)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Disarming a Peace Officer (Offence)|Disarming a peace officer]] | 270.1 | None  <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault (Offence)|Sexual Assault - victim under 16 years]] | 271(a) | 1 year  | | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault (Offence)|Sexual Assault, victim 16 years old or greater]] | 271(a) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)|Assault of peace officer with a weapon or causing bodily harm]] | 270.01  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault w/ restricted or prohibited firearm]] | 272(2)(a) | Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior | | }}
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault, w/ non-prohibited firearm and relating to criminal org]] | 272(2)(a) | Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior | | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault w/ a non-restricted firearm used]] | 272(2)(a.1) | 4 years jail <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Assault Peace Officer (Offence)|Aggravated assault of peace officer]] | 270.02  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm, victim under 16]] | 272(2)(a.2) | 5 years jail <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None  <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault with a weapon (no aggravating elements)]] | 272(2)(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault causing bodily harm (no aggravating elements)]] | 272(2)(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Disarming a Peace Officer (Offence)|Disarming a peace officer]] | 270.1  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault w/ restricted or prohibited firearm]] | 273(2)(a) | | | }}
| None  <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault, w/ non-prohibited firearm and re criminal org]] | 273(2)(a) | <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault w/ a non-restricted firearm used]]                | 273(2)(a.1) | 4 years | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault (Offence)|Sexual Assault - victim under 16 years]] | 271(a)  
| 1 year  | | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault (Offence)|Sexual Assault, victim 16 years old or greater]] | 271(a)  
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault w/ restricted or prohibited firearm]] | 272(2)(a)  
| Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault, w/ non-prohibited firearm and relating to criminal org]] | 272(2)(a)  
| Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault w/ a non-restricted firearm used]] | 272(2)(a.1)  
| 4 years jail <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm, victim under 16]] | 272(2)(a.2)
| 5 years jail <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault with a weapon (no aggravating elements)]] | 272(2)(b)  
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (Offence)|Sexual assault causing bodily harm (no aggravating elements)]] | 272(2)(b)  
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault w/ restricted or prohibited firearm]] | 273(2)(a)  
| | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault, w/ non-prohibited firearm and re criminal org]] | 273(2)(a)  
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault w/ a non-restricted firearm used]]                | 273(2)(a.1)  
| 4 years | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault, victim under 16 years]] | 273(2)(a.2) | 5 years jail | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault, victim under 16 years]] | 273(2)(a.2) | 5 years jail | | }}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault (no aggravating elements)]]                            | 273(2)(b) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Aggravated Sexual Assault (Offence)|Aggravated sexual assault (no aggravating elements)]]                            | 273(2)(b)  
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Abduction of a Young Person (Offence)|Removal of child from Canada]] |273.3(2)| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
| None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Disclosure of Third Party Records|Breach of publication prohibition re 276.1 applications]]                  | 276.3(2)| None | | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Abduction of a Young Person (Offence)|Removal of child from Canada]] |273.3(2)
| <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Disclosure of Third Party Records|Breach of publication prohibition re 276.1 applications]]                  | 276.3(2)
| None | | }}
 
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Breach of Publication and Access Bans (Offence)|Breach of publication prohibition re s. 278.3 applications]] | 278.9(2) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Breach of Publication and Access Bans (Offence)|Breach of publication prohibition re s. 278.3 applications]] | 278.9(2) | None <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Kidnapping and Unlawful Confinement (Offence)|Kidnap, traffic persons, hostages and abduct. with restr. firearm etc or for a crim. org. (w/o priors)]] | 279(1.1)(a)(i) | <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}
{{LinkOffences2| Part VIII | [[Kidnapping and Unlawful Confinement (Offence)|Kidnap, traffic persons, hostages and abduct. with restr. firearm etc or for a crim. org. (w/o priors)]] | 279(1.1)(a)(i) | <!--min-->|  <!--max--> | <!--mode--> |  <!--prelim--> | <!--prohib--> |  <!--Consec-->}}

Revision as of 08:41, 7 June 2024


This page was last substantively updated or reviewed January 2024. (Rev. # 93706)

Offences

See also: Offences by Penalty

Public Order Offences (Part II)

[Pt. II – Offences Against Public Order (ss. 46 to 83)]:

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II High Treason 46(1), 47(1) and (4) and 745 Life and 25 years without parole Life Indict. (Exclusive) Discharges, Fines, Suspended Sentence, and CSO
Part II Treason (overthrow gov't) 46(2)(a), (c), or (d), 47(2)(a) and 745 None Life Indict. (Exclusive) None
Part II Treason (espionage while at war) 46(2)(b) or (e), 47(2)(b) and 745 None Life Indict. (Exclusive) Discharges
Part II Treason (espionage while not at war) 46(2)(b) or (e), 47(2)(c) and 745 None 14 years Indict. (Exclusive) Discharges
Part II Assist alien enemy 50(1)(a) and 50(2) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
Part II Omission to prevent treason 50(1)(b) and 50(2) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
Part II Intimidating Parliament 51 None 14 years Indict. (Exclusive) None
Part II Sabotage 52(1) None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid None
Part II Inciting to mutiny 53 None 14 years Indict. (Exclusive) Discharges
Part II Assisting deserter 54 None summary conviction Summary (req. AG consent) N/A
Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited Dispositions Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II Offences respecting RCMP members 56 None summary conviction Summary N/A
Part II Procuring identity documents 56.1(4) None 5 years (I)
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Forgery of or uttering forged passport 57(1) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II False information respecting passport 57(2) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Possession of forged passport 57(3) None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Fraudulent use of citizenship certificate 58(1) None 2 years (I)
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Sedition 61 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
Part II Offences respecting military stores 62 None 5 years imprisonment Indict. N/A
Part II Participating in a riot 65(1) None 2 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Concealing identity during a riot 65(2) None 10 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid N/A
Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited Dispositions Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II Unlawful assembly 66(1) None summary conviction Summary N/A
Part II Concealment of identity during an unlawful assembly 66(2) None 5 years (I)
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Interfering with reading of riot proclamation or refusing to cease participation in riot 68 None life Indict. Discharges
Part II Peace officer’s neglect in riot situation
 69 None 2 years (I)
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part II Unlawful training or drilling of milita 70(3) None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid None
Part II Forcible entry or forcible detainer 72 and 73 None 2 years (I)
summary conviction		 Hybrid None
Part II Piracy by law of nations 74 N/A Life Indict. (Exclusive) Discharges
Part II Piratical acts 75 N/A 14 years Indict. (Exclusive) Discharges
Part II Hijacking 76 N/A Life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Endangering safety of aircraft or airport 77 None Life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited Dispositions Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II Offensive weapons and explosives on aircraft 78 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Seizing control of ship or fixed platform 78.1(1) None life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Violent act on board a shop or platform 78.1(2) None life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II False information re safe navigation 78.1(3) None life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Threats to commit offences at 78.1(2) 78.1(4) None life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Breach of duty of care re explosives endangering life 80(a) None life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Breach of duty of care re explosives risking bodily harm 80(b) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Intending to cause explosion or use corrosive substance with intent to cause death or serious harm 81(1)(a), (b) and 81(2)(a) None life[1] / 14 years[2] Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Possession of explosive with intent to destroy property or intent to endanger life 81(1)(c), (d) and 81(2)(b) None life[3] / 14 years[4] Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Possession of explosive without lawful excuse 82(1) None 5 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid N/A
Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited Dispositions Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II Possession of explosive for criminal organization 82(2) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO		 (s. 82.1)
Part II Possession, etc., of nuclear material, radioactive material or device 82.3 None Life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Use or alteration of nuclear material, radioactive material or device 82.4 None life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Commission of indictable offence to obtain nuclear material, etc. 82.5 life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Threats to commit an offence relating to nuclear materials 82.6 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II Prize fights 83 None "summary conviction" Summary N/A
  1. ↑ "an offence under paragraph (1)(a) [causes explosion with intent to cause damage, harm or death] or (b) [uses explosives or dangerous substance with intent to harm], "
  2. ↑ "an offence under paragraph (1)(c) [places or throws explosive with intent to damage] or (d) [make or possess explsive with intent to endanger life, damage property],"
  3. ↑ "an offence under paragraph (1)(a) [causes explosion with intent to cause damage, harm or death] or (b) [uses explosives or dangerous substance with intent to harm], "
  4. ↑ "an offence under paragraph (1)(c) [places or throws explosive with intent to damage] or (d) [make or possess explsive with intent to endanger life, damage property],"

Terrorism Offences (Part II.1)

[Pt. II.1 – Terrorism (ss. 83.01 to 83.33)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II.1 Provide or collect property to further terrorism 83.02 None 10 years Indict. CSO (83.26)
Part II.1 Provide property or services for terrorist purposes 83.03(1) None 10 years Indict. CSO (83.26)
Part II.1 Provide property or services for use by terrorist group 83.03(2) None 10 years Indict. CSO (83.26)
Part II.1 Use or possession of property to further terrorism 83.04 None 10 years Indict. CSO (83.26)
Part II.1 Offences re freezing of property, disclosure or audit relative to terrorism 83.12 None 10 years (I) /
$100,000 and/or 2 years less a day		 N/A
Part II.1 Participation in terrorist activity 83.18 None 10 years Indict. CSO (83.26)
Part II.1 Leaving Canada to participate in activity of terrorist group 83.181 None 10 years Indict. CSO
Part II.1 Facilitating terrorist activity 83.19(1) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO		 (83.26)
Part II.1 Leaving Canada to facilitate terrorist activity 83.191 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II.1 Committing an Offence for a Terrorist Group 83.2 None Life Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II.1 Leaving Canada to commit offence for terrorist group 83.201 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited Dispositions Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part II.1 Leaving Canada to commit offence that is terrorist activity 83.202 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part II.1 Instructing activity for terrorist group 83.21(1) None Life Indict. Discharges
CSO		 (83.26)
Part II.1 Instructing terrorist activity 83.22(1) None Life Indict. Discharges
CSO		 (83.26)
Part II.1 Counselling commission of terrorism offence 83.221 None 5 years Indict.
Part II.1 Harbouring or concealing terrorist who committed an offence with maximum penalty of life 83.23(1)(a) None 14 years Indict.
Part II.1 Harbouring or concealing terrorist who committed an offence with maximum penalty of 14 years or less 83.23(1)(b) None 10 years
Part II.1 Harbouring or concealing person who is likely to carry out terrorist activity 83.23(2) None 10 years Indict.
Part II.1 Hoax re terrorist activity (no bodily harm or death) 83.231(2) None 5 years (I)/
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part II.1 Hoax re terrorist activity (bodily harm not death) 83.231(3) None 10 years (I)/
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part II.1 Hoax re terrorist activity (causing death) 83.231(4) None

Weapons Offences (Part III)

[Pt. III – Firearms and Other Weapons (ss. 84 to 117.15)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part III Using firearm in commission of offence 85(1) and (3) 1 year or 3 years with prior 14 years Indict.
Part III Using an imitation firearm in commission of offence 85(2) and (3) 1 year or 3 years with prior 14 years Indict. Imprisonement only
Part III Unsafe Storage or Careless Use of a Firearm - on second or more convictions 86(1) and (2) None 2 years (I)
summary election		 Hyrid N/A
Part III Unsafe Storage or Careless Use of a Firearm - on first conviction 86(1) and (2) None 5 years (I)
summary election
Part III Pointing a firearm 87(2) None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part III Possession of a weapon for purpose dangerous 88(2) None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid CSO (if use of weapon)
Part III Carrying weapon while attending public meeting 89(2) None summary conviction Summary N/A
Part III Carrying concealed weapon 90(2) None Hybrid
Part III Unauthorized possession of firearm 91(1) and (3) None Hybrid
Part III Unauthorized possession of prohibited weapon or restricted weapon 91(2) and (3) None Hybrid
Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited Dispositions Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part III Possession of firearm knowing its possession is unauthorized 92(1) and (3) 1 year (if one prior); 2 years less a day (if two or more prior) 10 years Indict.
Part III Possession of prohibited weapon, device or ammunition knowing its possession is unauthorized 92(2) and (3) 1 year (if one prior); 2 years less a day (if two or more prior)
Part III Possession of weapon or firearm at unauthorized place 93(2) and (3) None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part III Unauthorized possession of weapon or firearm in vehicle 94(1) and (2) None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part III Possession of prohibited or restricted weapon with ammunition 95(2) 3 or 5 years with prior {{{9}}}
Part III Possession of weapon obtained by crime 96(2) None 14 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part III Break and enter to steal firearm 98(4) None life Indict.
Part III Robbery to steal firearm 98.1 None life Indict.
Part III Weapons Trafficking (with any aggravating elements made out) 99(2)(a) and 99(2)(b) 3 or 5 years jail with prior
Part III Weapons trafficking (w/out aggravating factors) 99(3) 1 year {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part III Possession for purpose of weapons trafficking (with any aggravating elements made out) 100(2)(a) and 100(2)(b) 3 or 5 years jail with prior
Part III Possession for purpose of weapons trafficking ((w/out aggravating factors) 100(3) 1 year {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part III Transfer of firearm without authority 101(2) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part III Assembling automatic firearm 102(2) 1 year (on Indictment) 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part III Possession of computer data re firearms 102.1(1) None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part III Distribution of computer data re firearms 102.1(2) None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part III Knowingly importing or exporting of unauthorized firearms (with aggravating factors) 103(2)(a) and 103(2)(b) 3 or 5 years jail with prior
Part III Knowingly importing or exporting unauthorized firearms (w/out aggravating factors) 103(2.1) 1 year jail {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part III Unauthorized importing or exporting firearms 104(2) None
Part III Offences re lost, destroyed, defaced weapons 105(2) None
Part III Destruction of weapons offences re report 106(2) None
Part III False statements respecting firearms 107(2) None
Part III Tampering with firearm serial number 108(2) None
Part III Possession of firearm contrary to prohibition order 117.01(3) None

Administration of Justice Offences (Part IV)

[Pt. IV – Offences Against the Administration of Law and Justice (ss. 118 to 149)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part IV Bribery of a member of a legislature 119(1) None
Part IV Bribery of judicial officers 119(1) None
Part IV Bribery of public officers 120 None
Part IV Fraud on government 121(1) and (3) None
Part IV Contractor subscribing to election fund 121(1) and (3) None
Part IV Selling, etc., of tobacco products and raw leaf tobacco 121.1 90, 180, or 2 years less a day (with prior conviction(s))
Part IV Breach of trust by public officer 122 None
Part IV Bribing municipal official 123(1) None
Part IV Influencing municipal official 123(2) None
Part IV Selling or purchasing office 124 None
Part IV Influencing appointment in office 125 None
Part IV Disobeying a statute where no other set sentence 126(1) None
Part IV Disobey order of Court 127(1) None N/A
Part IV Misconduct by officers executing process 128 None
Part IV Offences relating to public or peace officers 129 None Hybrid
Part IV Personation of peace officer 130 None
Part IV Perjury 131 and 132 None
Part IV False statement 134(1) None
Part IV Witness giving contradictory evidence 136(1) None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part IV Fabricating evidence 137 None 14 years Indict. Discharges
CSO
Part IV False affidavits 138 None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Obstruct justice by indemnifying a surety 139(1) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Obstruct justice – trial process 139(2) None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Public mischief 140(2) None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Compounding indictable offence 141(1) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Corruptly taking reward 142 None
Part IV Prison Breach 144 None 10 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid CSO (s. 742.1)
Part IV Escape and being at large without excuse 145(1) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Failure to attend court or surrender 145(2) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Failure to comply with appearance notice or summons 145(3) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Failure to comply with undertaking 145(4) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Failure to comply with release order 145(5) None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Permitting or assisting escape 146 None 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Rescue or permitting escape 147 None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part IV Aid prisoner of war to escape 148 None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A

Sexual Offences and Disorderly Offences (Part V)

[Pt. V – Sexual Offences, Public Morals and Disorderly Conduct (ss. 150 to 182)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part V Sexual interference 151 1 year (I) /
90 days (S)		 14 years (I) /
"two years less a day" (S)		 Hybrid (I) Incarceration only[1]
Part V Invitation to sexual touching 152 1 year (I) /
90 days (S)		 14 years (I) /
"two years less a day" (S)		 Hybrid (I) Incarceration only
Part V Sexual exploitation 153 1 year (I) /
90 days (S)		 14 years (I) /
"two years less a day" (S)		 Hybrid (I) Incarceration only
Part V Sexual exploitation of persons with disability 153.1 None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid (I) Incarceration only
Part V incest (16 years or more) 155
Part V incest (under 16 years) 155
Part V Bestiality 160(1) None 10 years /
summary conviction		 hybrid
Part V Compelling bestiality 160(2) None 10 years /
summary conviction		 hybrid
Part V Bestiality in presence of child 160(3) 1 year (I)/
6 months (S)
Part V Breach of 161 prohibition order 161(4) None
Part V Voyeurism 162(1) None
Part V Distribution of voyeurism material 162(4) None
Part V Distribution of intimate images 162.1(1) None
Part V Breach of s. 162.2 Internet Prohibition Order 162.2(4) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part V Corrupting morals 163 and 169 None
Part V Making of child pornography 163.1(2) 1 year
Part V Distribution child pornography 163.1(3) 1 year
Part V Possession of Child Pornography 163.1(4) 1 year / 6 months
Part V Accessing of Child Pornography 163.1(4.1) 1 year / 6 months
Part V Immoral theatrical performance 167 and 169 None
Part V Mailing obscene matter 168 and 169 None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part V Parent or guardian procuring sexual activity under 16 170 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part V Householder permitting sexual activity under 18 171
Part V Making sexually explicit material available to child 171.1(2)
Part V Corrupting children 172(1) None
Part V Luring a child 172.1(2)
Part V Agreement or arrangement — sexual offence against child 172.2
Part V Indecent act 173(1) None
Part V Indecent exposure 173(2)
Part V Nudity 174(1)
Part V Causing a Disturbance 175(1)
Part V Obstructing or violence to or arrest of officiating clergyman 176(1) 2 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A {{{9}}}
Part V Disturbing religious worship or certain meetings 176(2) None summary conviction Summary N/A
Part V Disturbing disturbs the order or solemnity of a meeting 176(3) None summary conviction Summary N/A
Part V Trespassing at Night 177
Part V Offensive volatile substance 178
Part V Common nuisance 180(1)
Part V Indignity or neglect of dead body 182

Invasion of Privacy Offences (Part VI)

[Pt. VI – Invasion of Privacy (ss. 183 to 196.1)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part VI Interception of private communication 184(1) None 5 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part VI Interception of radio-based telephone communications 184.5(1) None 5 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part VI Possession of equipment for wiretapping illegally 191(1) None 2 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part VI Disclosure of information from wiretap 193(1) None 2 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part VI Disclosure of information from wiretap, radio 193.1(1) None 2 years (I) /
"summary conviction		 Hybrid

Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting (Part VII)

[Pt. VII – Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting (ss. 197 to 213)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part VII Keeping gaming or betting house 201(1) None
Part VII Found in in common gaming or betting house 201(2) None
Part VII Book-making (if no prior offences) 202(2)(a) None
Part VII Book-making 202(2)(b) and 202(2)(c) 14 days or 3 months jail
Part VII Placing bets for others (if no prior offences) 203(d) None
Part VII Placing bets for others 203(e) and 203(f) 14 days or 3 months jail
Part VII Breach of gambling rules and regulations 204(10) None
Part VII Offence in relation to lotteries and games of chance 206(1) None
Part VII Lottery offence involving ticket 206(4) None
Part VII Offences involving management of permitted lottery scheme 207(3)(a) None
Part VII Offences involving permitted lottery scheme 207(3)(b) None
Part VII Offences involving management of permitted lottery scheme (on ship) 207.1(3)(a) None
Part VII Offences involving permitted lottery scheme (on ship) 207.1(3)(b) None
Part VII Cheating at play 209 None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VII Stopping or Impeding Traffic by Prostitution 213(1) None
Part VII Soliciting Near Children 213(1.1) None

Offences Against the Person (Part VIII)

[Pt. VIII – Offences Against the Person and Reputation (ss. 214 to 320.1)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part VIII Failure to provide necessaries of life 215(3) None 5 years (I)/
summary conviction		 Hybrid
Part VIII Abandoning child 218 None
Part VIII Causing death by criminal negligence (involving the use of a firearm) 220(a) 4 years imprisonment Life No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Negligence causing death (no firearm) 220(b) None Life No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Criminal negligence causing bodily harm 221 None
Part VIII Infanticide 233 and 237 None
Part VIII First Degree Murder 235 and 745 Life and 25 years without parole Life Indict. (Exclusive) Varies
Part VIII Second Degree Murder (with prior conviction for murder, war crimes or crimes against humanity) 235 and 745 Life and 25 years without parole Life Varies {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Second Degree Murder 235 and 745 Life and 10 years without parole Life Varies {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Manslaughter (Failure to safeguard ice opening or excavation resulting in death) 236 and 263 None No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Manslaughter (involving use of a firearm) 236(a) 4 years Life No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Manslaughter (not involving use of a firearm) 236(b) None Life No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Killing unborn child in act of birth 238 None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Attempt to commit murder (use of a firearm which is not a restricted or prohibited firearm) 239(1)(a.1) 4 years {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Attempted Murder (with restricted or prohibited firearm) 239(1)(a)(i) and (ii) 5 or 7 years with prior {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Attempt to commit murder (no use of a firearm) 239(1)(b) None
Part VIII Accessory after fact to murder 240 None
Part VIII Trafficking in human organs — Removal without informed consent 240.1(1) None 14 years incarceration No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Trafficking in human organs — Financial transaction 240.1(2) None 14 years incarceration No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Counselling suicide 241 None
Part VIII Failure to comply with safeguards 241.3 None
Part VIII Forgery or destruction of documents re assisted dying 241.4 None
Part VIII Neglect to obtain assistance and concealing birth 242 None 5 years (I)
summary conviction		 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Concealing body of child 243 None 2 years (I)
summary conviction		 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Discharging firearms with intent to wound (with aggravated factors) 244(2)(a)(i) and (ii) Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Discharging firearms with intent to wound, maim, etc. (without aggravating factors) 244(2)(b) 4 years jail {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Causing bodily harm with air gun with intent 244.1 None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Discharging firearm — recklessness (w/ restr. firearm or prohib. firearm) 244.2(3)(a) 4 years jail {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Discharging firearm — recklessness (without restricted firearm or prohibited firearm) 244.2(3)(b)
Part VIII Administer noxious thing with intent to endanger life 245(1)(a) None
Part VIII Administer noxious thing with intent to aggrieve or annoy 245(1)(b) None
Part VIII Overcoming resistance to commission of offence – choking 246(a) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Overcoming resistance to commission of offence – drugging 246(b) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Set trap likely to cause bodily harm or death 247(1) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Keep trap and cause death in place to commit offence 247(1) and 247(5) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Set trap and actually cause bodily harm 247(2) None
Part VIII Keep trap to cause bodily harm to commit offence 247(3) None
Part VIII Keep trap and cause bodily harm in place to commit offence 247(4) None
Part VIII Interfere with transportation likely to cause death 248 None life Indict.
Part VIII Interfere with transportation likely to cause death 262 None 10 years (I)
summary conviction		 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Criminal Harassment 264 None Hybrid N/A
Part VIII Utter threats to cause death or bodily harm 264.1(2) None Hybrid N/A
Part VIII Utter threats to destroy property or animals 264.1(3) None Hybrid N/A
Part VIII Assault 266 None 5 years (I) /
summary conviction		 Hybrid N/A
Part VIII Assault with a Weapon 267(a) None
Part VIII Assault Causing Bodily Harm 267(b) None
Part VIII Aggravated Assault 268 None
Part VIII Unlawfully cause bodily harm 269 None 10 yeras (I)
summary conviction		 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Unlawfully cause bodily harm (failure to safeguard ice opening or excavation causing bodily harm) 269, 263(3)(b)
Part VIII Torture 269.1 None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Assaulting a peace officer 270(1) and (2) None
Part VIII Assault of peace officer with a weapon or causing bodily harm 270.01 None
Part VIII Aggravated assault of peace officer 270.02 None
Part VIII Disarming a peace officer 270.1 None
Part VIII Sexual Assault - victim under 16 years 271(a) 1 year {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Sexual Assault, victim 16 years old or greater 271(a) None
Part VIII Sexual assault w/ restricted or prohibited firearm 272(2)(a) Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Sexual assault, w/ non-prohibited firearm and relating to criminal org 272(2)(a) Minimum of 5 or 7 years with prior {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Sexual assault w/ a non-restricted firearm used 272(2)(a.1) 4 years jail
Part VIII Sexual assault with a weapon or causing bodily harm, victim under 16 272(2)(a.2) 5 years jail
Part VIII Sexual assault with a weapon (no aggravating elements) 272(2)(b) None
Part VIII Sexual assault causing bodily harm (no aggravating elements) 272(2)(b) None
Part VIII Aggravated sexual assault w/ restricted or prohibited firearm 273(2)(a) {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Aggravated sexual assault, w/ non-prohibited firearm and re criminal org 273(2)(a)
Part VIII Aggravated sexual assault w/ a non-restricted firearm used 273(2)(a.1) 4 years {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Aggravated sexual assault, victim under 16 years 273(2)(a.2) 5 years jail {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Aggravated sexual assault (no aggravating elements) 273(2)(b) None
Part VIII Removal of child from Canada 273.3(2)
Part VIII Breach of publication prohibition re 276.1 applications 276.3(2) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Breach of publication prohibition re s. 278.3 applications 278.9(2) None
Part VIII Kidnap, traffic persons, hostages and abduct. with restr. firearm etc or for a crim. org. (w/o priors) 279(1.1)(a)(i)
Part VIII Kidnap, traffic persons, hostages and abduct. with restr. firearm etc or for a crim. org. (w/ priors) 279(1.1)(a)(ii)
Part VIII Kidnapping, trafficking in persons, hostage taking and abduction with a non-restricted firearm 279(1.1)(a.1) 4 years
Part VIII Kidnapping, trafficking in persons under the age of 16, hostage taking and abduction 279(1.1)(a.2)
Part VIII Kidnapping, trafficking in persons, hostage taking and abduction without a firearm 279(1.1)(b) None
Part VIII Unlawful confinement, imprisonment, seizure 279(2) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Trafficking in persons (kidnap, aggravated assault, aggravated sexual assault, or death) 279.01(1)(a) 5 years {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Trafficking in persons (victim aged 18 or greater) 279.01(1)(b)
Part VIII Trafficking in persons (without enumerated aggravating factors) 279.01(2) 4 years imprisonment
Part VIII Trafficking in persons under the age of 18 years (kidnap, aggravated assault, aggravated sexual assault, or death) 279.011(1)(a) 6 years
Part VIII Trafficking in persons under the age of 18 years (without enumerated aggravating factors) 279.011(1)(b) 5 years {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Profiting from trafficking in persons 279.02(1) None
Part VIII Profiting from trafficking in persons, under 18 years 279.02(2) 2 years imprisonment
Part VIII Withholding or destroying documents in respect of human trafficking - victim 18 years and above 279.03(1) None
Part VIII Withholding or destroying documents in respect of human trafficking, persons under 18 years 279.03(2) 1 year
Part VIII Hostage taking with restricted firearm or for benefit of criminal org (w/o priors) 279.1(2)(a)(i)
Part VIII Hostage taking with restricted firearm or for benefit of criminal org (w/ priors) 279.1(2)(a)(ii)
Part VIII Hostage taking with a non-restricted firearm 279.1(2)(a.1) 4 years
Part VIII Hostage taking (without aggravating elements) 279.1(2)(b) None
Part VIII Abduction of person under 16 (other than parent or guardian) 280(1)
Part VIII Abduction of person under fourteen (other than parent or guardian) 281 None
Part VIII Abduction in contravention of custody order 282(1) None
Part VIII Abduction (by parent or guardian) 283(1) None
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration 286.1(1) $2,000 or $4,000 (if near persons under 18 years)
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration (near public, w/o priors) 286.1(1)
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration (near public, w/ priors) 286.1(1)
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration (not near public, w/o priors) 286.1(1)
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration (not near public, w/ priors) 286.1(1)
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration from person under 18 years, w/o priors 286.1(2)
Part VIII Obtaining sexual services for consideration from person under 18 years, w/ priors 286.1(2)
Part VIII Material benefit from sexual services 286.2(1) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Material benefit from sexual services — person under 18 years 286.2(2) 2 years jail
Part VIII Procuring — person 18 years or over 286.3(1) None
Part VIII Procuring — person under 18 years 286.3(2) 5 years jail {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Advertising sexual services 286.4 None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Bigamy 290, 291(1) None 5 years (I)
summary conviction
Part VIII Procuring feigned marriage 292(1) None 5 years (I)
summary conviction
Part VIII Polygamy 293(1) None 5 years (I)
summary conviction
Part VIII Forced marriage 293.1 None 5 years (I)
summary conviction
Part VIII Marriage under age of 16 years 293.2 None 5 years (I)
summary conviction
Part VIII Pretending to solemnize marriage 294 None summary conviction {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Solemnizing marriage contrary to law 295 None 2 years (I)
summary conviction		 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Publishing defamatory libel knowing it to be false 300 None
Part VIII Publishing defamatory libel (not aggravating under s. 300) 301 None
Part VIII Extortion by libel 302(3) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Hate propaganda 318(1) None
Part VIII Public incitement of hatred 319(1) None
Part VIII Wilful promotion of hatred 319(2) None
Part VIII Conversion therapy 320.102 No {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Promoting or advertising conversion therapy 320.103 No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII Material benefit from conversion therapy 320.104 No {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}

Offences Relating to Conveyances (Part VIII.1)

[Pt. VIII.1 – Offences Relating to Conveyances (ss. 320.11 to 320.4)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part VIII.1 Dangerous operation of a conveyance 320.13(1), 320.19(5) None 10 years (I) /
two years less a day		 Hybrid
Part VIII.1 Dangerous Operation When Accident Causes Bodily Harm 320.13(2), 320.2 $1,000 / 30 days / 120 days 14 years (I) /
two years less a day		 Hybrid (Indict.)
Part VIII.1 Dangerous operation when accident causes death 320.13(3), 320.21 $1,000 / 30 days / 120 days Life Indict.
Part VIII.1 Operation While Impaired by Drug or Alcohol 320.14(1)(a), 320.19(1)
Part VIII.1 Operation While Over 80 BAC 320.14(1)(b), 320.19(1) and (3)
Part VIII.1 Operation While Drug Exceeds Regs re Drugs 320.14(1)(c), 320.19(1)
Part VIII.1 Operation While Blood Drug Exceeds Regs re Drugs 320.14(1)(d), 320.19(1)
Part VIII.1 Operation while impaired and causing bodily harm 320.14(2), 320.2
Part VIII.1 Operation While Impaired or Blood Concentration Over and Causing Death 320.14(3), 320.21 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part VIII.1 Operation with low blood drug concentration 320.14(4) None
Part VIII.1 Refusal 320.15(1), 320.19(1), (4)
Part VIII.1 Refusal with accident resulting in bodily harm 320.15(2), 320.2
Part VIII.1 Refusal with accident resulting in death 320.15(3), 320.21 $1,000 / 30 days / 120 days Life Indict.
Part VIII.1 Failure to Stop at Accident 320.16(1), 320.19(5)
Part VIII.1 Failure to Stop After Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm 320.16(2), 320.2
Part VIII.1 Failure to stop after accident resulting in death 320.16(3), 320.21 $1,000 / 30 days / 120 days Life Indict.
Part VIII.1 Flight from peace officer 320.17, 320.19(5) None
Part VIII.1 Operation While Prohibited 320.18, 320.19(5) None

Property Offences (Part IX)

[Pt. IX – Offences Against Rights of Property (ss. 321 to 378)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part IX Possession, etc., of device to obtain use of telecommunication facility or telecommunication service 327(1) None 2 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part IX Theft by person required to account 330
Part IX Theft by person holding power of attorney 331
Part IX Misappropriation of money held under direction 332
Part IX Motor vehicle theft 333.1 6 months (w/ two priors)
Part IX Theft over $5,000 or testamentary instrument 334(a) None
Part IX Theft under $5,000 or not of testamentary instrument 334(b) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part IX Take auto without consent 335(1) None
Part IX Breach of trust 336 None
Part IX Fraud respecting cattle 338(1) None 10 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part IX Theft of cattle 338(2) None 10 years (I) /
"summary conviction"		 Hybrid
Part IX Drift timber fraud 339(1) None
Part IX Unlawful timber marks dealings 339(2) None
Part IX Destroying documents of title 340 None
Part IX Fraudulent concealment 341 None
Part IX Theft, forgery of credit card 342(1)
Part IX Credit card data offence 342(3)
Part IX Instruments for credit card fraud 342.01(1) None
Part IX Unauthorized use of computer 342.1(1) None
Part IX Possession of device to obtain computer service 342.2(1) None
Part IX Theft, forgery of credit card 342(1) None
Part IX Credit card data offence 342(3) None
Part IX Robbery with restricted or prohibited firearm, w/out priors 344(1)(a)(i)
Part IX Robbery with non-restricted firearm and related to criminal org, w/o priors 344(1)(a)(i)
Part IX Robbery with restricted or prohibited firearm, w/ priors 344(1)(a)(ii)
Part IX Robbery with non-restricted firearm and related to criminal org, w/ priors 344(1)(a)(ii)
Part IX Robbery with non-restricted firearm 344(1)(a.1)
Part IX Robbery with non-restricted firearm 344(1)(b)
Part IX Stopping mail with intent to obtain 345 None
Part IX Extortion (w/ restricted firearm or for benefit of a crim. org.), w/o priors 346(1.1)(a)(i)
Part IX Extortion (w/ restricted firearm or for benefit of a crim. org.), w/ priors 346(1.1)(a)(ii)
Part IX Extortion (with non restricted firearm) 346(1.1)(a.1)
Part IX Extortion (no firearm or other aggravating facts) 346(1.1)(b) None
Part IX Criminal interest rate 347(1) None
Part IX Break and Enter into a Dwelling House 348(1)(d) None
Part IX Break and enter of a non dwelling-house 348(1)(e) None
Part IX Unlawfully in a dwelling-house 349(1) None
Part IX Possession of break-in instruments 351(1) None
Part IX Disguise with intent 351(2) None
Part IX Possession of instruments to break into coin machines 352 None
Part IX Sale of automobile master key 353(1) None
Part IX Failure to record sale of automobile master key 353(4)
Part IX Tampering with vehicle identification number 353.1 None
Part IX Possession of stolen goods over $5,000 or testamentary instrument 354 and 355(a)
Part IX Possession of stolen goods under $5,000 and not of test. instr. 354 and 355(b)
Part IX Trafficking in stolen property over $5,000 355.2, 355.5 None
Part IX Trafficking in stolen property no more than $5,000 355.2, 355.5 None
Part IX Poss'n for the purpose of trafficking in stolen property over $5,000 355.4, 355.5 None
Part IX Poss'n for the purpose of trafficking in stolen property no more than $5,000 355.4, 355.5 None
Part IX Theft from mail 356(1) and (3) None
Part IX Bring into Canada property obtained by crime 357 None
Part IX False pretence over $5,000 or involving a testamentary instrument 362(1)(a) and (2)(a) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part IX False pretence not over $5,000 and not involving a testamentary instrument 362(1)(a) and (2)(b) None
Part IX Obtain credit by false pretence 362(1)(b) and (3)
Part IX Obtain benefit by false pretence re re-embursement 362(1)(c) and (3)
Part IX Obtain benefit by false pretence by third party 362(1)(d) and (3)
Part IX Obtaining execution of valuable security by fraud 363 None
Part IX Fraud in obtaining food, beverage or lodging 364(1) None
Part IX Forgery 366 and 367 None
Part IX Utter forged document 368(1) None
Part IX Possess, use, traffic, etc in forgery instruments 368.1 None
Part IX Offence involving exchequer bill paper, public seal 369 None
Part IX False message 372(1) and (4) None
Part IX Indecent phone call 372(2) and (4) None
Part IX Harassing telephone call 372(3) and (4) None
Part IX Drawing document without authority 374 None
Part IX Obtaining instrument based on forged document 375 None
Part IX Counterfeiting stamp 376(1) None
Part IX Counterfeiting mark 376(2) None
Part IX Damaging documents 377(1) None
Part IX Offences in relation to registers 378 None

Fraudulent Transactions (Part X)

[Pt. X – Fraudulent Transactions Relating to Contracts and Trade (ss. 379 to 427)] 

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Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part X Fraud Over $5,000 380(1)(a) 2 years jail (over $1 mill., s. 380(1.1))
Part X Fraud involving a testamentary instrument 380(1)(a) None
Part X Fraud under $5,000 and not involving a testamentary instrument 380(1)(b) None
Part X Fraud affecting public markets of stocks, etc. 380(2) None
Part X Breach of s. 380.2 fraud prohibition order 380.2 None
Part X Using mails to defraud 381 None
Part X Fraudulent manipulation of stock exchange deals 382 None
Part X Prohibited insider trading 382.1(1) None
Part X Passing on insider information 382.1(2) None
Part X Gaming in stock or merchandise 383(1) None
Part X Broker reducing stock by selling for own account 384 None
Part X Fraudulent concealment of title documents 385(1) None
Part X Fraudulent registration of title 386 None
Part X Fraudulent sale of real property 387 None
Part X Misleading receipt 388 None
Part X Fraudulent disposal of goods on which $ advanced 389(1) None
Part X Fraudulent receipts under Bank Act 390 None
Part X Trade secret 391(1) and (3)
Part X Trade secret – prior knowledge 391(2) and (3)
Part X Disposal of property to defraud creditors 392 None
Part X Fraud in relation to fares 393(1) None
Part X Offering advantage to avoid paying fare 393(2) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part X Fraudulently obtaining transportation 393(3) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part X Fraud in relation to valuable minerals by holder of lease or licence 394(1) and (4) None
Part X Sale of valuable mineral save by lawful authority 394(2) and (4) None
Part X Purchase of valuable mineral save from owner 394(3) and (4) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part X Possession of stolen or fraudulently obtained valuable minerals 394.1(3) None
Part X Offences in relation to mines 396(1) None
Part X Falsification of books and documents 397(1) None
Part X Participation in falsification of books and docs 397(2) None
Part X Falsifying employment record 398 None
Part X False return by public officer 399 None
Part X False prospectus 400(1) None
Part X Obtaining carriage by false billing 401(1) None
Part X Identity theft 402.2(1) and (5) None
Part X Trafficking in identity information 402.2(2) and (5) None
Part X Personation with intent / Identity fraud 403(3) None
Part X Acknowledging instrument in false name 405 None
Part X Forging a trade mark to deceive or defraud 407 and 412(1) None
Part X Passing off wares or trademarks to deceive or defraud 408 and 412(1) None
Part X Possession of instruments for forging trade marks 409 and 412(1) None
Part X Other offences in relation to trade marks 410 and 412(1) None
Part X Used goods sold without disclosure 411 and 412(1) None
Part X Offences respecting wrecks 415 None
Part X Applying or removing marks without authority 417(1) None
Part X Receiving or possessing public stores bearing mark 417(2) None
Part X Sale of defective stores to Her Majesty 418(1) None
Part X Participation in fraud re sale of defective stores 418(2) None
Part X Unlawful use of military uniforms or certificates 419 None
Part X Offences re military stores 420(1) None
Part X Criminal breach of contract 422(1) None
Part X Intimidation 423(1) None
Part X Intimidation of a justice system participant 423.1 None
Part X Intimidation impeding health services 423.2 None
Part X Threat against an internationally protected person 424 None
Part X Threat against U.N. or associated personnel 424.1 None
Part X Offences by employers re union activity 425 None
Part X Threats and retaliation vs employees re union work 425.1(2) None
Part X Secret commission 426(1) and (3) None
Part X Secret commission – privy 426(2) and (3) None

Offences Relating to Certain Types of Property (Part XI)

[Pt. XI – Wilful and Forbidden Acts in Respect of Certain Property (ss. 428 to 447.1)] 

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Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XI Mischief causing actual danger to life 430(2) None
Part XI Mischief over $5000 or involving testament 430(3) None
Part XI Mischief under $5,000 and not involving testament 430(4) None
Part XI Mischief to religious building etc 430(4.1) None
Part XI Mischief relating to war memorials 430(4.11) $1,000/14 days/30 days
Part XI Mischief to cultural property 430(4.2) None
Part XI Mischief to data 430(1.1) and (5) None
Part XI Mischief in special circumstances re danger to life, or to data or property 430(5.1) None
Part XI Attack on premises, residence or transport of internationally protected person 431 None
Part XI Attack on premises, residence or transport of U.N. or associated personnel 431.1 None
Part XI Explosives offence re public or government facility 431.2(2) None
Part XI Unauthorized recording of a movie (not for profit) 432(1) None
Part XI Unauthorized recording of a movie (for profit) 432(2) None
Part XI Arson (disregard for human life) 433 None
Part XI Arson — damage to property 434 None
Part XI Arson causing damage to own property 434.1 None
Part XI Arson for fraudulent purpose 435(1) None
Part XI Arson by negligence 436(1) None
Part XI Possession of incendiary material 436.1 None
Part XI False alarm of fire 437 None
Part XI Interference with saving of wrecked vessel 438(1) None
Part XI Wilful interference with attempts to save wreck 438(2) None
Part XI Interference with marine signal 439(1) None
Part XI Interference with signal, buoy or sea-mark used for the purpose of navigation 439(2) None
Part XI Remove natural bar without permission 440 None
Part XI Occupant injuring building 441 None
Part XI Interfere with boundary line 442 None
Part XI Interfere with international boundary line 443(1) None
Part XI Injuring or endangering other animals 445(2) None
Part XI Killing or injuring law enforcement animals 445.01(2) 6 months (I)
Part XI Cruelty to animals 445.1(2) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part XI Unlicenced ownership re captive whales 445.2(2) and (5) None
Part XI Unlicenced business re captive whales 445.2(4) and (5) None
Part XI Causing damage or injury to animals 446(2) None
Part XI Arena for animal fighting 447(2) None
Part XI Breach of prohibition order re possession of animals 447.1(2)

Currency Offences (Part XII)

[Pt. XII – Offences Relating to Currency (ss. 448 to 462)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XII Make counterfeit money 449 None
Part XII Possession of counterfeit money 450 None
Part XII Having clippings for gold without justification 451 None
Part XII Use of counterfeit money 452 None
Part XII Utter counterfeit coin 453 None
Part XII Possession of slugs and tokens 454 None
Part XII Clip or utter coin 455 None
Part XII Deface current coin 456 None
Part XII Creating likeness of bank-notes 457(3) None
Part XII Possession of materials for counterfeiting 458 None
Part XII Conveying instruments for counterfeiting from mint 459 None
Part XII Advertising and dealing in counterfeit money, etc 460(1) None

Proceeds of Crime (Part XII.2)

[Pt. XII.2 – Proceeds of Crime (ss. 462.3 to 462.5)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XII.2 Laundering proceeds of crime 462.31(2) None {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Part XII.2 Breach of proceeds of crime restraint order 462.33(11) {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}

Attempts, Conspiracy and Accessories (Part XIII)

[Pt. XIII – Attempts – Conspiracies – Accessories (ss. 463 to 467.2)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XIII Attempt or accessory to indictable offence punishable by life imprisonment 463(a) None
Part XIII Attempt or accessory to indictable offence punishable by 14 years 463(b) varies
Part XIII Attempt or accessory to indictable offence punishable by 10 years 463(b) varies
Part XIII Attempt or accessory to indictable offence punishable by 5 years 463(b) varies
Part XIII Attempt or accessory to indictable offence punishable by summary conviction 463(c)
Part XIII Attempt or accessory to hybrid offence 463(d)
Part XIII Conspiracy to commit murder 465(1)(a) None
Part XIII Conspiracy to prosecute an innocent person for an offence punishable by life or 14 years 465(1)(b)(i) None
Part XIII Conspiracy to commit an indictable offence punishable by less than 14 years 465(1)(b)(ii) None
Part XIII Participation in activities of criminal organization 467.11(1) None
Part XIII Recruitment of members under the age of 18 by a criminal organization 467.111(a)
Part XIII Recruitment of members by a criminal organization 467.111(b)
Part XIII Commission of offence for criminal organization 467.12(1)
Part XIII Instructing commission of offence for criminal organization 467.13(1) None
Part XIII Recruitment of members by a criminal organization 467.111 None
Part XIII Recruitment of members under the age of 18 by a criminal organization 467.111 6 months

Special Procedure and Powers (Part XV)

[Pt. XV – Special Procedure and Powers (ss. 483 to 492.2)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XV Use of seized bodily substances for other than DNA analysis 487.08(3) None
Part XV Breach of limited use order of DNA re 487.08(1.1) 487.08(4) None
Part XV Failure to comply with a preservation demand 487.0197 None
Part XV Financial institution that fails to comply with production order 487.0198 None
Part XV Failure to comply with a data preservation demand 487.0199 None
Part XV Failure to comply with DNA order 487.0552(1) None
Part XV Breach of Order of Restraint for Offence-related Property 490.8 None
Part XV Breach of restraint order under 490.9 490.8(9) None
Part XV Breach of SOIRA order 490.031(1) None
Part XV Breach of SOIRA order (false or misleading information) 490.0311(a) None
Part XV Breach of SOIRA Order, failing to notify of identity and address 490.0312 None

Compelling Appearance of an Accused Before a Justice and Interim Release (Part XVI)

[Pt. XVI – Compelling Appearance of an Accused Before a Justice and Interim Release (ss. 493 to 529.5)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XVI Breach of non-publication order from show cause 517(2) None

Procedure on Preliminary Inquiry (Part XVIII)

[Pt. XVIII – Procedure on Preliminary Inquiry (ss. 535 to 551)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XVIII Breach of non-publication order at preliminary 539(3) None
Part XVIII Breach of restriction of publication of reports of preliminary inquiry 542(2) None

Procedure in Jury Trials and General Provisions (Part XX)

[Pt. XX – Procedure in Jury Trials and General Provisions (ss. 574 to 672)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XX Breach of non-publication order in jury trial 648(2) None
Part XX Disclosure of jury information 649 None

Mental Disorder (Part XX.1)

[Pt. XX.1 – Mental Disorder (ss. 672.1 to 672.95)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XX.1 Breach of limitation re information that prior verdict of NCR 672.37(3)
Part XX.1 Order restricting publication re certain offences before Review Board 672.501(11) None

Procuring Attendance (Part XXII)

[Pt. XXII – Procuring Attendance (ss. 697 to 715.2)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XXII Contempt of court 708 {{{8}}} {{{9}}}

Sentencing (Part XXIII)

[Pt. XXIII – Sentencing (ss. 716 to 751.1)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XXIII Breach of prohibition on use of bodily substance under a probation order 732.11(4) None
Part XXIII Breach of Probation 733.1 None
Part XXIII Breach of prohibition on use of bodily substance under a conditional sentence order – use of substance 742.31(1) and (4) None
Part XXIII Breach of prohibition on use of bodily substance under a conditional sentence order – use of results 742.31(1) and (4) None
Part XXIII Failure to comply with a custodial non-communication order 743.21 None
Part XXIII First or Second Degree Murder (Young Offender) 745.1 5 to 7, 10 years (variable)

Dangerous Offenders and Long-Term Offenders (Part XXIV)

[Pt. XXIV – Dangerous Offenders and Long-Term Offenders (ss. 752 to 761)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XXIV Breach of long-term supervision order 753.3 None

Summary Convictions (Part XXVII)

[Pt. XXVII – Summary Convictions (ss. 785 to 840)]

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Part XXVII Breach of a prohibition on use or disclosure of bodily substance or results of analysis obtained by a peace bond 810.4(4) None
Part XXVII Breach of a recognizance (peace bond) order under s. 83.3 or 810 to 810.2 811 None

Drug Offences

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Possession - Schedule I (opiates and related), w/o priors 4(3) CDSA
Possession - Schedule I (opiates and related), w/ priors 4(3) CDSA
Possession - Schedule II (cannaboids), w/o priors 4(4) CDSA
Possession - Schedule II (cannaboids), w/ priors 4(4) CDSA
Possession - Schedule III (psychedelics), w/o priors 4(6) CDSA
Possession - Schedule III (psychedelics), w/ priors 4(6) CDSA
Seek or obtain - Schedule III (opiates and related), w/o priors 4(7)(a)(i) or (b)(i) CDSA
Seek or obtain - Schedule III (opiates and related), w/ priors 4(7)(a)(i) or (b)(ii) CDSA
Seek or obtain - Schedule II (cannaboids), w/o priors 4(7)(a)(ii) or (b)(i) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Seek or obtain - Schedule II (cannaboids), w/ priors 4(7)(a)(ii) or (b)(ii) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Seek or obtain - Schedule III (psychedelics), w/o priors 4(7)(a)(iii) or (b)(i) CDSA
Seek or obtain - Schedule III (psychedelics), w/ priors 4(7)(a)(iii) or (b)(ii) CDSA
Seek or obtain - Schedule IV (barbiturates), w/o priors 4(7)(a)(iv) or (b)(i) CDSA
Seek or obtain - Schedule IV (barbiturates), w/ priors 4(7)(a)(iv) or (b)(ii) CDSA
Trafficking/PFP of Trafficking in Substance – Sch. I or II 5(3)(a) CDSA
Trafficking/PFP of Trafficking in Substance – Sch. I or II re crim. org. or violence 5(3)(a)(i) CDSA
Trafficking/PFP of Trafficking in Substance – Sch. I or II re youth or prison 5(3)(a)(ii) CDSA
Trafficking in substance – Schedule III or V 5(3)(b) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Trafficking in substance – Schedule IV 5(3)(c) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
importing and exporting Schedule I (up to 1kg) and II drugs, w/o aggravation 6(3)(a) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
importing and exporting Schedule I (up to 1kg) and II drugs, w/ aggravation 6(3)(a) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
importing and exporting Schedule I (exceeding 1kg) and II drugs 6(3)(a.1) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
importing and exporting Schedule III, V and VI drugs 6(3)(b) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
importing and exporting Schedule IV drugs 6(3)(c) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Production Schedule I (opiates and related), w/o aggravation 7(2)(a) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Production Schedule I (opiates and related), w/ aggravation 7(2)(a) and (3) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Production Schedule II (cannaboids), w/o aggravation 7(2)(a.1) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Production Schedule II (cannaboids), w/ aggravation 7(2)(a.1) and (3) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Production Schedule III or V 7(2)(c) CDSA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Production Schedule IV 7(2)(d) CDSA

Youth Criminal Justice Act Offences

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Inducing a Young Person 136 YCJA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Breach of Youth Order 137 YCJA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Breach of Youth Placement Order 139(1) YCJA {{{8}}} {{{9}}}

Repealed and Unconstitutional Offences

Part Offence Section Minimums Maximums Mode Prelim. Prohibited
Dispositions		 Mandatory
Consecutive Time
Indecent Assault 149, 156 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Sexual Intercourse with Step-Daughter 158 {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Gross Indecency {{{9}}}
Abortion {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Anal Intercourse {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Counselling or Aiding Suicide {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Procuring and Living on the Avails of Prostitution {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}
Rape {{{7}}} {{{8}}} {{{9}}}

Miscellaneous Offences by Topic

See also

  1. ↑ in most jurisdictions the minimum is unconstitutional
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